Difference between revisions of "Jet Propulsion Fuel 8 toxicity"
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==Background== | ==Background== | ||
| − | * Jet Propulsion Fuel 8 used by US military (aircraft, tanks, other military vehicles) | + | * Jet Propulsion Fuel 8 (JP-8) used by US military (aircraft, tanks, other military vehicles) |
** Replaced JP-4 in 1992 as single fuel which was safer and reduced risk of fire/explosion | ** Replaced JP-4 in 1992 as single fuel which was safer and reduced risk of fire/explosion | ||
** Kerosene 99.8% by weight (benzene <0.05%) | ** Kerosene 99.8% by weight (benzene <0.05%) | ||
| Line 6: | Line 6: | ||
** Low volatility | ** Low volatility | ||
** Additives include anti-icing, anti-static, anti-oxidation, anti-corrosive | ** Additives include anti-icing, anti-static, anti-oxidation, anti-corrosive | ||
| − | * JP-8 mainly consists of hydrocarbon chains from C9-C12 | + | * JP-8 mainly consists of [[hydrocarbons|hydrocarbon]] chains from C9-C12 |
==Toxicology== | ==Toxicology== | ||
| Line 13: | Line 13: | ||
* Oral - minor route of exposure usually because of eating or drinking contaminated water | * Oral - minor route of exposure usually because of eating or drinking contaminated water | ||
* Dermal - minor route of exposure if soil/water contaminated. Potentially significant route of exposure for workers not using adequate protective clothing | * Dermal - minor route of exposure if soil/water contaminated. Potentially significant route of exposure for workers not using adequate protective clothing | ||
| + | |||
===Minimal Risk Levels=== | ===Minimal Risk Levels=== | ||
* No acute-duration inhalation MRL established | * No acute-duration inhalation MRL established | ||
* MRL of 3 mg/kg/day has been derived for acute oral exposure | * MRL of 3 mg/kg/day has been derived for acute oral exposure | ||
| + | |||
===Health Effects=== | ===Health Effects=== | ||
* Studies have shown exposure can affect nervous system | * Studies have shown exposure can affect nervous system | ||
* Target organs include lungs, liver, skin, immune and nervous systems | * Target organs include lungs, liver, skin, immune and nervous systems | ||
* Carcinogenicity not classified by EPA or US Department of Health and Human Services | * Carcinogenicity not classified by EPA or US Department of Health and Human Services | ||
| + | |||
==Clinical Features== | ==Clinical Features== | ||
| − | * Short term exposure | + | * Short term exposure: |
| − | * Long term | + | **Skin irritation/[[rash]] |
| + | **[[Headache]], [[fatigue]], [[dizziness]], difficulty concentrating, [[ataxia]] | ||
| + | **[[hepatic failure|Liver dysfunction]] | ||
| + | **Respiratory symptoms, including pleuritic [[chest pain]], [[SOB]], feeling of suffocation | ||
| + | * Long term: | ||
| + | **Above, plus pulmonary and [[renal failure|renal damage]] | ||
* Taste and odor complaints related to tenacity of JP-8 | * Taste and odor complaints related to tenacity of JP-8 | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Differential Diagnosis== | ||
==Evaluation== | ==Evaluation== | ||
| − | * | + | * Clinical diagnosis, history and physical findings direct workup |
==Management== | ==Management== | ||
Latest revision as of 20:00, 1 October 2019
Contents
Background
- Jet Propulsion Fuel 8 (JP-8) used by US military (aircraft, tanks, other military vehicles)
- Replaced JP-4 in 1992 as single fuel which was safer and reduced risk of fire/explosion
- Kerosene 99.8% by weight (benzene <0.05%)
- High flash point
- Low volatility
- Additives include anti-icing, anti-static, anti-oxidation, anti-corrosive
- JP-8 mainly consists of hydrocarbon chains from C9-C12
Toxicology
Routes of Exposure
- Inhalation - principal route of exposure for workers included in aircraft refueling activities
- Oral - minor route of exposure usually because of eating or drinking contaminated water
- Dermal - minor route of exposure if soil/water contaminated. Potentially significant route of exposure for workers not using adequate protective clothing
Minimal Risk Levels
- No acute-duration inhalation MRL established
- MRL of 3 mg/kg/day has been derived for acute oral exposure
Health Effects
- Studies have shown exposure can affect nervous system
- Target organs include lungs, liver, skin, immune and nervous systems
- Carcinogenicity not classified by EPA or US Department of Health and Human Services
Clinical Features
- Short term exposure:
- Skin irritation/rash
- Headache, fatigue, dizziness, difficulty concentrating, ataxia
- Liver dysfunction
- Respiratory symptoms, including pleuritic chest pain, SOB, feeling of suffocation
- Long term:
- Above, plus pulmonary and renal damage
- Taste and odor complaints related to tenacity of JP-8
Differential Diagnosis
Evaluation
- Clinical diagnosis, history and physical findings direct workup
Management
Inhalation
- Move to fresh air
- Monitor for respiratory distress
- Secure airway if needed
Dermal
- Remove contaminated clothing
- Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes
- Treat dermal irritation with topical corticosteroids
Disposition
- Discharge home if asymptomatic after observation period 6-8 hours with normal vital signs and normal respiratory examination
- Admit if clinical evidence of severe toxicity or respiratory distress