Initial mechanical ventilation settings: Difference between revisions
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{{Adult top}} [[initial mechanical ventilation settings (peds)]].'' | |||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
{{Initial ventilation settings table}} | {{Initial ventilation settings table}} | ||
== | ==Traditional== | ||
*FiO2 100% (1.0) and ween down | *FiO2 100% (1.0) and ween down | ||
*Rate 8-12/min | *Rate 8-12/min | ||
Line 16: | Line 17: | ||
*Pressure support: 5-8cm to overcome endotracheal tube | *Pressure support: 5-8cm to overcome endotracheal tube | ||
==Lung | ==Lung Protective Strategy== | ||
===Background=== | ===Background=== | ||
* | *Focuses on low-tidal volume ventilation to reduce ventilator-associated lung injury (e.g. barotrauma and volutrauma worsening/causing [[ARDS]])<ref>Weingart SD. Managing Initial Mechanical Ventilation in the Emergency Department. Ann Emerg Med. 2016;68:614-617</ref> | ||
*Indicated for all intubated patients who do not have obstructive lung disease ([[COPD]], [[asthma]])<ref>Weingart SD. Managing Initial Mechanical Ventilation in the Emergency Department. Ann Emerg Med. 2016;68:614-617</ref> | |||
{{Lung Protective Ventilator Settings}} | |||
{{Lung Protective FiO2 and PEEP Scale}} | |||
{ | |||
==Obstruction Strategy== | ==Obstruction Strategy== | ||
===Background=== | ===Background=== | ||
Goal = | *For patients with active bronchoconstriction (e.g. [[COPD]], [[asthma]]) | ||
*The best ventilatory strategy for these patients is to avoid intubation if possible; mechanical ventilation will often make the pulmonary situation worse, rather than better.<ref>Weingart SD. Managing Initial Mechanical Ventilation in the Emergency Department. Ann Emerg Med. 2016;68:614-617</ref> | |||
*Goal = adequate time for expiration | |||
*Frequently requires deep sedation and analgesia (first-line); may required paralysis (second-line)<ref>Weingart SD. Managing Initial Mechanical Ventilation in the Emergency Department. Ann Emerg Med. 2016;68:614-617</ref> | |||
===Settings=== | ===Settings=== | ||
#Mode | #Mode | ||
#* | #*Volume-assist control | ||
#Tidal Volume | #Tidal Volume | ||
#*Vt = 6-8 cc/kg of Ideal Body Weight | #*Vt = 6-8 cc/kg of Ideal Body Weight | ||
#**Ideal Body Weight used because lung parenchyma does not increase in size as the person gains more weight | #**Ideal Body Weight used because lung parenchyma does not increase in size as the person gains more weight | ||
#Inspiratory Flow Rate | #Inspiratory Flow Rate | ||
#* | #*60-80 L/minute | ||
#**Some advocate for higher rates (e.g. 80-100 LPM) to allow more expiration time, however this will increase the peak pressures and has not shown to produce any clinically meaningful change in the expiration time<ref>Weingart SD. Managing Initial Mechanical Ventilation in the Emergency Department. Ann Emerg Med. 2016;68:614-617</ref><ref>Leatherman JW, McArthur C, Shapiro RS. Effect of prolongation of expiratory time on dynamic hyperinflation in mechanically ventilated patients with severe asthma. Crit Care Med. 2004;32:1542-1545.</ref> | |||
#FiO2/PEEP | #FiO2/PEEP | ||
#*Titrate FiO2 to desired SpO2 | #*Titrate FiO2 to desired SpO2 | ||
#*Set PEEP 0- | #*Set PEEP 0-5 | ||
#Respiratory Rate | #Respiratory Rate | ||
#*Set low - 10 BPM | #*Set low - 10 BPM | ||
Line 107: | Line 57: | ||
==Miscellaneous== | ==Miscellaneous== | ||
''Normally already set'' | ''Normally already set'' | ||
*Inspiratory flow rate = 60L/min ( | *Inspiratory flow rate = 60L/min<ref>Weingart SD. Managing Initial Mechanical Ventilation in the Emergency Department. Ann Emerg Med. 2016;68:614-617</ref> (100 L/min with asthma) | ||
*Sensitivity = 1-2 cmH2O | *Sensitivity = 1-2 cmH2O | ||
Revision as of 16:18, 2 July 2020
This page is for adult patients. For pediatric patients, see: initial mechanical ventilation settings (peds).
Overview
Initial ventilation settings
Disease | Tidal Volume (mL/kg^) | Respiratory Rate | I:E | PEEP | FiO2 |
Traditional | 8 | 10-12 | 1:2 | 5 | 100% |
Lung Protective (e.g. ARDS) | 6 | 12-20 | 1:2 | 2-15 | 100% |
Obstructive (e.g. bronchoconstriction) | 6 | 5-8 | 1:4 | 0-5 | 100% |
Hypovolemic | 8 | 10-12 | 1:2 | 0-5 | 100% |
Traditional
- FiO2 100% (1.0) and ween down
- Rate 8-12/min
- consider 5-6 for asthma with permissive hypercapnea
- Mode
- PEEP 0-5 mmH20
- Tidal volume: 5-8 cc/kg (eg. 500-600cc)
- (adjust to plateau pressure <35 cmH20)
- I/E 1:2
- Pressure support: 5-8cm to overcome endotracheal tube
Lung Protective Strategy
Background
- Focuses on low-tidal volume ventilation to reduce ventilator-associated lung injury (e.g. barotrauma and volutrauma worsening/causing ARDS)[1]
- Indicated for all intubated patients who do not have obstructive lung disease (COPD, asthma)[2]
Lung Protective Mechanical Ventilation
Lung Protective Ventilator Settings[3] should be the default for all intubated patients, unless contraindicated. It has demonstrated mortality benefit for ARDS-like pulmonary conditions; limits barotrauma and decreases complications of high FiO2[4][5]
- Mode
- Volume-assist control
- Tidal Volume
- Start 6-8cc/kg predicted body weight[6]
- Predicted/"ideal" body weight is used because a person's lung parenchyma does not increase in size as the person gains more weight.
- Titrate down if plateau pressure >30 mmHg
- Start 6-8cc/kg predicted body weight[6]
- Inspiratory Flow Rate (comfort)
- More comfortable if higher rather than lower
- Start at 60-80 LPM
- Respiratory Rate (titrate for ventilation)
- Average patient on ventilator requires 120mL/kg/min for eucapnia
- Start 16-18 breaths/min
- Maintain pH = 7.30-7.45
- FiO2/PEEP (titrate for oxygenation)
- Move in tandem to achieve:
- SpO2 BETWEEN 88-95%
- PaO2 BETWEEN 55-80mmHg
Lung Protective FiO2 and PEEP Scale[7][8][9]
FiO2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
PEEP | 5 | 5 | 8 | 8 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 12 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 16 | 18 | 20 | 22 | 24 |
Obstruction Strategy
Background
- For patients with active bronchoconstriction (e.g. COPD, asthma)
- The best ventilatory strategy for these patients is to avoid intubation if possible; mechanical ventilation will often make the pulmonary situation worse, rather than better.[10]
- Goal = adequate time for expiration
- Frequently requires deep sedation and analgesia (first-line); may required paralysis (second-line)[11]
Settings
- Mode
- Volume-assist control
- Tidal Volume
- Vt = 6-8 cc/kg of Ideal Body Weight
- Ideal Body Weight used because lung parenchyma does not increase in size as the person gains more weight
- Vt = 6-8 cc/kg of Ideal Body Weight
- Inspiratory Flow Rate
- FiO2/PEEP
- Titrate FiO2 to desired SpO2
- Set PEEP 0-5
- Respiratory Rate
- Set low - 10 BPM
- Adjust for I:E 1:4 or 1:5
- Permissive hypercapnia to avoid breath stacking
- Ok as long as pH > 7.00-7.10
- Maintain plateau pressure <30[14]
- If >30 go down on rate
Hypovolemic
- Consider reducing PEEP to maintain adequate preload and prevent/minimize hypotension
Miscellaneous
Normally already set
- Inspiratory flow rate = 60L/min[15] (100 L/min with asthma)
- Sensitivity = 1-2 cmH2O
See Also
Mechanical Ventilation Pages
- Noninvasive ventilation
- Intubation
- Mechanical ventilation (main)
- Miscellaneous
- Ideal Body Weight Estimation
References
- ↑ Weingart SD. Managing Initial Mechanical Ventilation in the Emergency Department. Ann Emerg Med. 2016;68:614-617
- ↑ Weingart SD. Managing Initial Mechanical Ventilation in the Emergency Department. Ann Emerg Med. 2016;68:614-617
- ↑ The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network. Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network. N Engl J Med. 2000;342(18):1301-1308.
- ↑ ARDSnet
- ↑ O'Brien J. Absorption Atelectasis: Incidence and Clinical Implications. AANA Journal. June 2013. Vol. 81, No. 3.
- ↑ Brower RG, et al. "Ventilation With Lower Tidal Volumes As Compared With Traditional Tidal Volumes For Acute Lung Injury And The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome". The New England Journal of Medicine. 2000. 342(18):1301-1308.
- ↑ The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network. Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network. N Engl J Med. 2000;342(18):1301-1308.
- ↑ Kallet RH, et al. "Respiratory controversies in the critical care setting. Do the NIH ARDS Clinical Trials Network PEEP/FIO2 tables provide the best evidence-based guide to balancing PEEP and FIO2 settings in adults?" Respiratory Care. 2007. 52(4):461-75.
- ↑ ARDSnet protocol card
- ↑ Weingart SD. Managing Initial Mechanical Ventilation in the Emergency Department. Ann Emerg Med. 2016;68:614-617
- ↑ Weingart SD. Managing Initial Mechanical Ventilation in the Emergency Department. Ann Emerg Med. 2016;68:614-617
- ↑ Weingart SD. Managing Initial Mechanical Ventilation in the Emergency Department. Ann Emerg Med. 2016;68:614-617
- ↑ Leatherman JW, McArthur C, Shapiro RS. Effect of prolongation of expiratory time on dynamic hyperinflation in mechanically ventilated patients with severe asthma. Crit Care Med. 2004;32:1542-1545.
- ↑ 20. Oddo M, Feihl F, Schaller MD, Perret C. Management of mechanical ventilation in acute severe asthma: practical aspects. Intensive Care Med. 2006; 32(4):501-510.
- ↑ Weingart SD. Managing Initial Mechanical Ventilation in the Emergency Department. Ann Emerg Med. 2016;68:614-617