Infectious mononucleosis
Revision as of 00:18, 16 February 2015 by Rossdonaldson1 (talk | contribs) (→Differential Diagnosis)
Background
- Caused by Epstein-Barr virus
- CMV and HHV-6 may cause mononucleosis-like illnesses
Clinical Features
- Triad of:
- Fever
- Pharyngitis
- Lymphadenopathy
- Symptoms
- abrupt or insidious, ha, fever & malaise common w/ st & lad to follow
- Rash in 10-15% usu btwn 4th-6th day of illness
- red macular or maculopapular morbilliform rash of trunk & upper arms
- occ involves face, thigh & legs, periorbital & eyelid edema in 50% of cases
Diagnosis
- Heterophile antibody (monospot) test
- Up to 25% of pts in 1st week of symptoms may have false negative test
- 10% of pts w/ EBV infection will be persistently negative
- Amoxicillin reaction
- Amoxicillin in pt w/ EBV will cause maculopapular rash in most
- Definitive testing for suspected Mono during pregnancy (to r/o other pathology)
- Send for: Epstein Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and HIV
Differential Diagnosis
Acute Sore Throat
Bacterial infections
- Streptococcal pharyngitis (Strep Throat)
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- Diphtheria (C. diptheriae)
- Bacterial Tracheitis
Viral infections
- Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
- Patients with peritonsillar abscess have a 20% incidence of mononucleosis [1]
- Laryngitis
- Acute Bronchitis
- Rhinovirus
- Coronavirus
- Adenovirus
- Herpesvirus
- Influenza virus
- Coxsackie virus
- HIV (Acute Retroviral Syndrome)
Noninfectious
Other
- Deep neck space infection
- Peritonsillar Abscess (PTA)
- Epiglottitis
- Kawasaki disease
- Penetrating injury
- Caustic ingestion
- Lemierre's syndrome
- Peritonsillar cellulitis
- Lymphoma
- Internal carotid artery aneurysm
- Oral Thrush
- Parotitis
- Post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage
- Vincent's angina
- Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
Pediatric Rashes
Pediatric Rash
- Atopic dermatitis
- Bed bugs
- Contact dermatitis
- Drug rash
- Erythema infectiosum (Fifth disease)
- Hand-foot-and-mouth disease
- Henoch-schonlein purpura (HSP)
- Herpangina
- Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
- Infectious mononucleosis
- Meningitis
- Measles
- Molluscum contagiosum
- Roseola infantum
- Rubella (German measles)
- Scabies
- Scarlet fever
- Smallpox
- Varicella (Chickenpox)
Treatment
- Supportive
Source
Tintinalli
- ↑ Melio, Frantz, and Laurel Berge. “Upper Respiratory Tract Infection.” In Rosen’s Emergency Medicine., 8th ed. Vol. 1, n.d.