Gyromitra mushrooms

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Gyromitra mushrooms

Overview

  • Also known as "brain fungi"
  • Fruit in the spring and early summer
  • Frequently mistaken for morel mushrooms[1]
  • Inhibits formation of Vitamin B6 and GABA via hydrazine metabolite

Clinical findings

  • GI upset, fatigue, muscle cramps
  • Can present with refractory seizures due to GABA deficiency
  • Hemolysis usually mild
  • Rarely methemoglobinemia

Treatment

  • Supportive care
  • High dose pyridoxine for refractory seizures (5g IV initially)
  • Avoid phenobarbital, especially in liver failure
  • Methylene blue for severe methemoglobinemia
  • Folinic acid supplementation (hydrazines inhibit MTHF production)

References

  1. ↑ Brozen R et al. Gyromitra Mushroom Toxicity. Apr 14, 2015. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/817931-treatment#showall.
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