Febrile seizure: Difference between revisions

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== Background ==
==Background==
*50% of pts never have temp >39
*50% of patients never have temperature >39
*Antipyretics do not offer singificant improvements in recurrence rates of febrile seizures<ref>Rosenbloom E, et al. Do antipyretics prevent the recurrence of febrile seizures in children? A systemic review of randomized controlled trials and meta-analysis. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2013; 17:585-588.</ref>
*Febrile seizures do not increase the risk of serious bacterial illness


==Clinical Presentation==
===Prognosis===
*2-3% chance of developing epilepsy (1% for general population)
*50% of patients <12 mo will have another simple febrile seizure
*30% of patients >12 mo will have another simple febrile seizure
 
==Clinical Features==
*[[Seizure]] + [[fever]]
*[[Seizure]] + [[fever]]


==Differential Diagnosis ==
===Simple Febrile Seizure===
*Age 6mo-5yr
*Single seizure in 24hr
*Duration <15min
*Generalized with no focal features
*Returns to neurologic baseline and has normal neuro exam after brief post-ictal period
===Complex Febrile Seizure===
*Any exception to above
*May indicate more serious disease process
 
==Differential Diagnosis==
{{Pediatric seizure DDX}}
{{Pediatric seizure DDX}}


{{Pediatric fever DDX}}
{{Pediatric fever DDX}}


==Diagnosis==
==Evaluation==
=== Simple versus Complex  ===
*The key is to distinguish between simple febrile seizure secondary to minor illness vs. seizure from serious central nervous system infection, which may also present with fever and seizure.
*Simple
*Glucose in all patients
**Generalized tonic-clonic seizure  
**&lt;15 min in duration
**Age 6mo - 6yr
**Occurs only once in 24hr period
**No focal features
*Complex
**Any exception to above


===Work-Up===
====Simple febrile seizure====
*Glucose in all pts
*Neither labs nor neuroimaging are absolutely necessary
*Simple febrile seizure  
*Normal [[Fever (Peds)|pediatric fever workup]]
**Neither labs nor neuroimaging are absolutely necessary
 
**Normal [[Fever (Peds)|pediatric fever workup]]
====Complex febrile seizure====
*Complex febrile seizure  
*Consider CBC, [[blood culture]], UA, urine culture, [[CSF studies]]
**Consider CBC, blood cx, UA, Ucx, CSF studies
*Consider CT if:  
*Consider CT if:  
**Persistently abnormal neuro exam (esp w/ focality)  
**Persistently abnormal neuro exam (especially with focality)  
**Signs/symptoms of increased ICP  
**Signs/symptoms of [[increased ICP]]
**pt has VP shunt
**Patient has [[VP shunt]]
*Consider [[ECG]] if:
**Family history of [[long QT]], [[Brugada]], sudden death
*Routine EEG not indicated  
*Routine EEG not indicated  
**Consider only if developmental delay or for focal symptoms
**Consider only if developmental delay or for focal symptoms
*Causes amenable to specific treatment
**[[Hypoglycemia]]
**[[Hyponatremia]] (water intoxication, dilution of formula)
**[[Hypocalcemia]]
**[[Hypomagnesemia]]
**[[INH ingestion]]


== Management ==
[[File:Febrile Seizure.png|thumb|Algorithm for the differentiation between simple and complex febrile seizures. Guidelines for evaluation of each.]]
 
==Management==
===Ongoing Seizure===
===Ongoing Seizure===
See [[Seizure (peds)]]
See [[Seizure (peds)]]
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===Seizure Stopped===
===Seizure Stopped===
*Treat underlying infection if indicated
*Treat underlying infection if indicated
**See [[pediatric fever of uncertain source]]


== Disposition ==
==Disposition==
===Discharge ===
===Discharge===
*Simple febrile seizure if pt at baseline
*Simple febrile seizure if patient at baseline
**Follow-up in 1-2d  
**Follow-up in 1-2d  
*Complex febrile seizure if pt well-appearing, work-up normal
**Around-the-clock [[acetaminophen]] may prevent seizure recurrence in the same febrile episode<ref>Murata et al. Acetaminophen and Febrile Seizure Recurrences During the Same Fever Episode. Pediatrics. November 2018, VOLUME 142 / ISSUE 5</ref>
*Complex febrile seizure if patient well-appearing, work-up normal
**Follow-up in 24hr
**Follow-up in 24hr
===Admit===
===Admit===
*Ill-appearing  
*Ill-appearing  
*Lethargy beyond postictal period
*Lethargy beyond postictal period
===Prognosis===
*2-3% chance of developing epilepsy (1% for general population)
*50% of pts &lt;12 mo will have another simple febrile seizure
*30% of pts &gt;12 mo will have another simple febrile seizure


== See Also ==
==See Also==
*[[Seizure]]
*[[Seizure]]
*[[Fever (Peds)]]
*[[Fever (Peds)]]


== References ==
==References==
<references/>
<references/>


[[Category:Peds]]
[[Category:Pediatrics]]
[[Category:Neuro]]
[[Category:Neurology]]

Revision as of 00:07, 15 September 2019

Background

  • 50% of patients never have temperature >39
  • Febrile seizures do not increase the risk of serious bacterial illness

Prognosis

  • 2-3% chance of developing epilepsy (1% for general population)
  • 50% of patients <12 mo will have another simple febrile seizure
  • 30% of patients >12 mo will have another simple febrile seizure

Clinical Features

Simple Febrile Seizure

  • Age 6mo-5yr
  • Single seizure in 24hr
  • Duration <15min
  • Generalized with no focal features
  • Returns to neurologic baseline and has normal neuro exam after brief post-ictal period

Complex Febrile Seizure

  • Any exception to above
  • May indicate more serious disease process

Differential Diagnosis

Pediatric seizure

Pediatric fever

Evaluation

  • The key is to distinguish between simple febrile seizure secondary to minor illness vs. seizure from serious central nervous system infection, which may also present with fever and seizure.
  • Glucose in all patients

Simple febrile seizure

Complex febrile seizure

Algorithm for the differentiation between simple and complex febrile seizures. Guidelines for evaluation of each.

Management

Ongoing Seizure

See Seizure (peds)

Seizure Stopped

Disposition

Discharge

  • Simple febrile seizure if patient at baseline
    • Follow-up in 1-2d
    • Around-the-clock acetaminophen may prevent seizure recurrence in the same febrile episode[2]
  • Complex febrile seizure if patient well-appearing, work-up normal
    • Follow-up in 24hr

Admit

  • Ill-appearing
  • Lethargy beyond postictal period

See Also

References

  1. Baxter P. et al. Pyridoxine‐dependent and pyridoxine‐responsive seizures. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 2001, 43: 416–42
  2. Murata et al. Acetaminophen and Febrile Seizure Recurrences During the Same Fever Episode. Pediatrics. November 2018, VOLUME 142 / ISSUE 5