Environmental heat diagnoses: Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
|||
(4 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown) | |||
Line 18: | Line 18: | ||
#*Muscles cramps due to electrolyte depletion | #*Muscles cramps due to electrolyte depletion | ||
#[[Heat syncope]] | #[[Heat syncope]] | ||
#*Prolonged standing +vasodilation + volume loss → decreased central venous return → decreased CO→ decreased cerebral | #*Prolonged standing +vasodilation + volume loss → decreased central venous return → decreased CO→ decreased cerebral perfusion pressure | ||
#[[Heat exhaustion]] (temperature usually < 40°C) | #[[Heat exhaustion]] (temperature usually < 40°C) | ||
#*headache, n/v, weakness, vertigo, no CNS dysfunction | #*headache, n/v, weakness, vertigo, no CNS dysfunction | ||
Line 27: | Line 27: | ||
==Differential Diagnosis== | ==Differential Diagnosis== | ||
''See also [[hyperthermia]]'' | |||
{{Template:Heat Emergencies}} | {{Template:Heat Emergencies}} | ||
==Evaluation== | ==Evaluation== | ||
*Clinical diagnosis | |||
*Evaluate for alternate etiologies of [[hyperthermia]] if no clear exposure | |||
==Management== | ==Management== | ||
Line 49: | Line 52: | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
*[[Hyperthermia]] | |||
*[[Celsius Fahrenheit Temperature Conversion]] | *[[Celsius Fahrenheit Temperature Conversion]] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | |||
[[Category:Environmental]] | [[Category:Environmental]] |
Revision as of 12:28, 26 January 2020
Background
- Heat related illnesses includes a wide range diagnoses from benign heat rash to heat stroke.
Types of heat dissipation
- Conduction: heat exchange between two surfaces in contact (placing ice pack in axilla)
- Convection: heat exchange between a surface and a fluid (fanning)
- Radiation: transfer of heat between body and environment through electromagnetic waves (reliant on temperature gradient)
Heat Illness Etiology
All types are due to inadequate thermoregulation
- Classic Heat Illness
- Occurs without physical exertion
- Exertional
- Preceded by physical activity
Clinical Features
Heat Illness Types
- Heat cramps
- Muscles cramps due to electrolyte depletion
- Heat syncope
- Prolonged standing +vasodilation + volume loss → decreased central venous return → decreased CO→ decreased cerebral perfusion pressure
- Heat exhaustion (temperature usually < 40°C)
- headache, n/v, weakness, vertigo, no CNS dysfunction
- Water depletion: inadequate fluid replacement to match fluid loss (sweat)
- Salt depletion: large volume of fluid loss is replaced with water (with inadequate salt)
- Heat stroke (temperature usually > 40°C)
- Similar to heat exhaustion plus CNS dysfunction (seizure, AMS), transaminitis, DIC, rhabdomyolysis
Differential Diagnosis
See also hyperthermia
Environmental heat diagnoses
Evaluation
- Clinical diagnosis
- Evaluate for alternate etiologies of hyperthermia if no clear exposure
Management
- Heat cramps
- Mild: oral electrolyte solution
- Severe: IV NSS
- Heat syncope
- Supine position
- Heat exhaustion
- Mild: oral fluid replacement
- Severe: IV fluid replacement and replete electrolytes as needed
- Heat stroke
- ABCs
- Rapid cooling
- IVF, replete electrolytes
- Benzos: for seizures and shivering