Dracunculiasis: Difference between revisions

 
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==Background==
==Background==
[[File:Drac life cycle.png|thumb|Life cycle of ''Dracunculus medinensi''.]]
*Also known as Guinea Worm disease
*Also known as Guinea Worm disease
*''Dracunculus medinensis''
*Caused by ''Dracunculus medinensis'' - infection due to drinking contaminated water
*Generally limited to central Africa
**Effort underway to eradicate disease in endemic countries<ref name="Hopkins" />
 
{{Helminth Types}}


==Clinical Features==
==Clinical Features==
*Adult worm migrates through subcutaneous tissues of the leg and erodes through skin
[[File:Dracunculus medinensis.jpg|thumb|Using a matchstick to wind up and remove a guinea worm from the leg of a human.]]
*Rash, intense pruritus, nausea, vomiting, dyspnea, and diarrhea prior to eruption
*Adult worm migrates through subcutaneous tissues of the leg and erodes through skin, approximately 1 year after infection<ref name="Hopkins">Hopkins DR, Ruiz-Tiben E, Eberhard ML, Roy SL; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Progress toward global eradication of dracunculiasis--January 2013-June 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2014 Nov 21;63(46):1050-4.</ref>
*Symptoms prior to eruption include: [[rash]], intense [[pruritus]], [[nausea/vomiting]], [[dyspnea]], and [[diarrhea]]


==Differential Diagnosis==
==Differential Diagnosis==
{{Travel Skin Conditions DDX}}


==Workup==
==Evaluation==
*Clinical diagnosis


==Management==
==Management==
*Metronidazole 750 mg TID x 5-10 days OR thiabendazole 50-75 mg/day divided BID x 3 days
*Metronidazole 750mg TID x 5-10 days '''OR''' thiabendazole 50-75mg/day divided BID x 3 days
*Must also extract adult worm from skin
*Must also extract adult worm from skin
*Patients with active skin lesions should stay out of potable water
*Patients with active skin lesions should avoid contact with potable water


==Disposition==
==Disposition==
*Discharge


==See Also==
==See Also==
*[[Parasitic Diseases]]
*[[Helminth infections]]
*[[Travel Medicine]]
*[[Parasitic diseases]]
*[[Worm Diseases]]
*[[Travel medicine]]


==External Links==
==External Links==


==Sources==
==References==
<references/>
<references/>
[[Category:ID]]
[[Category:Tropical Medicine]]

Latest revision as of 12:32, 12 December 2020

Background

Life cycle of Dracunculus medinensi.
  • Also known as Guinea Worm disease
  • Caused by Dracunculus medinensis - infection due to drinking contaminated water
  • Generally limited to central Africa
    • Effort underway to eradicate disease in endemic countries[1]

Helminth infections

Cestodes (Tapeworms)

Trematodes (Flukes)

Nematodes (Roundworms)

Clinical Features

Using a matchstick to wind up and remove a guinea worm from the leg of a human.

Differential Diagnosis

Travel-related skin conditions

See also domestic U.S. ectoparasites

Evaluation

  • Clinical diagnosis

Management

  • Metronidazole 750mg TID x 5-10 days OR thiabendazole 50-75mg/day divided BID x 3 days
  • Must also extract adult worm from skin
  • Patients with active skin lesions should avoid contact with potable water

Disposition

  • Discharge

See Also

External Links

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Hopkins DR, Ruiz-Tiben E, Eberhard ML, Roy SL; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Progress toward global eradication of dracunculiasis--January 2013-June 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2014 Nov 21;63(46):1050-4.