Cranial nerve abnormalities: Difference between revisions

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[[File:Extraocular muscle actions and innervation.png|thumb|Eye movements by extra-ocular muscles and cranial nerve innervation]]
[[File:Extraocular muscle actions and innervation.png|thumb|Eye movements by extra-ocular muscles and cranial nerve innervation]]
[[File:Facial nerve.png|thumb|(A) Schematic diagram of the motor innervation of the facial nerve. (B) Schematic diagram of the parasympathetic innervation of the facial nerve.]]
[[File:Facial nerve.png|thumb|(A) Schematic diagram of the motor innervation of the facial nerve. (B) Schematic diagram of the parasympathetic innervation of the facial nerve.]]
*CN I – Olfactory
*CN II – Optic
*CN III – Oculomotor
**[[Third Nerve Palsy]]
*CN IV – Trochlear
*CN V – Trigeminal
*CN VI – Abducens
**[[Abducens nerve palsy]]
*CN VII – Facial
**[[Bell's Palsy]]
*CN VIII – Vestibulocochlear
**[[Vertigo]]
*CN IX – Glossopharyngeal
*CN X – Vagus
*CN XI – Accessory
*CN XII – Hypoglossal


{{Cranial nerve deficits}}
{{Cranial nerve deficits}}

Revision as of 13:41, 30 March 2017

Nerves

Eye movements by extra-ocular muscles and cranial nerve innervation
(A) Schematic diagram of the motor innervation of the facial nerve. (B) Schematic diagram of the parasympathetic innervation of the facial nerve.

Cranial nerves

Tongue deviation from unilateral hypoglossal nerve injury (CN XII).
  • CN I (Olfactory)
    • Anosmia + perceived change in taste of food
    • Deficit caused by shearing of the nerve ending passing through the cribriform plate usually by closed head trauma
  • CN II (Optic)
    • Monocular and binocular visual field defects
    • Monocular: Giant cell arteritis, anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, glaucoma, optic neuritis, trauma, increased ICP, emboli/arteritis/stenosis leading to retinal ischemia, ophthalmic artery or vein occlusion
    • Binocular - Hemianopsia due to bilateral optic nerve disease.
  • CN III (Oculomotor) –See Third Nerve Palsy
  • CN IV (Trochlear)- See Trochlear nerve palsy
  • CN VI (Abducens)- See Abducens nerve palsy
  • Internuclear ophthalmoplegia - Lesion in medial longitudinal fasciculus, cannot adduct in horizontal lateral gaze, but normal convergence. Caused by multiple sclerosis or stroke
  • CN V (Trigeminal)
    • Jaw weakness and spasm. Jaw closure may be weak and/or asymmetric. +/- Trismus if irritative lesion to motor root.
    • See trigeminal neuralgia
  • CN VII (Facial)
  • CN VIII (Vestibular)
  • CN IX (Glossopharyngeal)
  • CN X (Vagus)
    • Dysfunction may be characterized by: hoarseness (unilateral vocal cord paralysis), dyspnea and inspiratory stridor (bilateral). Dysarthria, dysphagia.
  • CN XI (Accessory)
    • Dysfunction may be characterized by: Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius weakness leads to weak head rotation and shoulder shrug
  • CN XII (Hypoglossal)
    • Dysfunction may be characterized by: tongue deviation and wasting

See Also