Congestive heart failure (peds): Difference between revisions
| Line 26: | Line 26: | ||
*Physical Exam | *Physical Exam | ||
**Tachycardia | **Tachycardia | ||
**Tachypnea with labored breathing | **Tachypnea with labored breathing and accessory muscle use | ||
**Grunting with nasal flaring | |||
**Rales | **Rales | ||
**S3 gallop | |||
**Hepatomegaly | **Hepatomegaly | ||
**Cyanosis | **Cyanosis, cool/mottled extremities | ||
**Decreased capillary refill | |||
**Edema of face and limbs | **Edema of face and limbs | ||
**Older children: fatigue, exercise intolerance, dyspnea, orthopnea, abdominal pain, dependent edema<ref>Jayaprasad. Heart Failure in Children. Heart Views. 2016 Jul-Sep;17(3):92-99</ref> | **Older children: fatigue, exercise intolerance, dyspnea, orthopnea, abdominal pain, dependent edema<ref>Jayaprasad. Heart Failure in Children. Heart Views. 2016 Jul-Sep;17(3):92-99</ref> | ||
Revision as of 00:31, 17 May 2020
Background
- Pediatric congestive heart failure (CHF) affects 12,000-35,000 children in the United States each year[1]
- The causes and clinical presentation varies differently compared to adults
- Causes
- Structural
- Acquired
- Arrhythmias
- Cardiomyopathy
- Myocarditis (peds)
- Myocardial ischemia (rare)
- Drugs/toxins
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Clinical Features
- Symptoms[2]
- Difficulty breathing
- Feeding difficulty - irritability with feeding, prolonged feeding time, refusal to feed
- If an infant has to decide between feeding and breathing, he/she will choose to breathe
- Sweating with feeds
- "Exercise intolerance"
- Failure to thrive
- Fussiness
- Physical Exam
- Tachycardia
- Tachypnea with labored breathing and accessory muscle use
- Grunting with nasal flaring
- Rales
- S3 gallop
- Hepatomegaly
- Cyanosis, cool/mottled extremities
- Decreased capillary refill
- Edema of face and limbs
- Older children: fatigue, exercise intolerance, dyspnea, orthopnea, abdominal pain, dependent edema[3]
Differential Diagnosis
Evaluation
Management
Disposition
See Also
External Links
References
- ↑ Rossano JW, Kim JJ, Decker JA, et al. Prevalence, morbidity, and mortality of heart failure-related hospitalizations in children in the United States: a population-based study. J Card Fail 2012; 18:459
- ↑ Judge et al. Congenital Heart Disease In Pediatric Patients: Recognizing The Undiagnosed And Managing Complications In The Emergency Department. Pediatr Emerg Med Pract. 2016. May;13(5):1-28
- ↑ Jayaprasad. Heart Failure in Children. Heart Views. 2016 Jul-Sep;17(3):92-99