Cloxacillin
General
- Type: Beta lactamase resistant penicillins
- Dosage Forms: 125mg/5 ml oral powder, 250mg, 500mg
- Common Trade Names: Cloxapen, Dry Clox, Tegopen
Adult Dosing
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection
- 250mg PO q6hrs for 7-14 days
Pneumonia
- 500mg PO q6hrs for up to 21 days
Soft tissue/skin infection
- 500mg PO q6hrs for 7 days or until 3 days after acute inflammation resolves
Pediatric Dosing
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection
- >=1 yr to 18 yrs: 50-100mg/kg/day orally divided every 6 hrs, Max dose 4g/day
Soft tissue and skin infection
- >=1 yr to 18 yrs: 50-100mg/kg/day orally divided every 6 hrs, Max dose 4g/day
Special Populations
- Pregnancy Rating: Pregnancy Category B
- Lactation: acceptable to use during breastfeeding
- Renal Dosing: no adjustments needed
- Hepatic Dosing: no adjustments needed
Contraindications
- Allergy to class/drug
Adverse Reactions
Serious
- allergic reaction
- seizures
- pseudomembranous colitis
- neutropenia
- leukopenia
- thrombocytopenia
- cholestatic hepatitis
- hypersensitivity reaction
Common
- nausea, vomiting
- diarrhea, abdominal pain
- thrush/yeast infection
Pharmacology
- Half-life: 30 min - 1 hr
- Metabolism: partially metabolized
- Excretion: renal and biliary
- Mechanism of Action: bactericidal; adheres to penicillin-binding proteins inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis
Antibiotic Sensitivities[1]
Key
- S susceptible/sensitive (usually)
- I intermediate (variably susceptible/resistant)
- R resistant (or not effective clinically)
- S+ synergistic with cell wall antibiotics
- U sensitive for UTI only (non systemic infection)
- X1 no data
- X2 active in vitro, but not used clinically
- X3 active in vitro, but not clinically effective for Group A strep pharyngitis or infections due to E. faecalis
- X4 active in vitro, but not clinically effective for strep pneumonia
See Also
References
- ↑ Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy 2014