Bivalirudin: Difference between revisions

(→‎Pharmacology: edited metabolism, excretion)
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==References==
==References==
*Allie DE, Lirtzman MD, Wyatt CH, et al, “Bivalirudin as a Foundation Anticoagulant in Peripheral Vascular Disease: A Safe and Feasible Alternative for Renal and Iliac Interventions," J Invasive Cardiol, 2003, 15(6):334-42. [PubMed 12777673]
*Amsterdam EA, Wenger NK, Brindis RG, et al; American College of Cardiology; American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines; Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions; Society of Thoracic Surgeons; American Association for Clinical Chemistry. 2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines [published correction appears in J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64(24):2713-2714]. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64(24):e139-e228. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.09.017. [PubMed 25260718]
*Angiomax (bivalirudin) [prescribing information]. Princeton, NJ: Sandoz Inc; February 2019.
*Angiomax (bivalirudin) [product monograph]. Mississauga, Ontario, Canada: Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc.; September 2016.
*Antman EM, “Should Bivalirudin Replace Heparin During Percutaneous Coronary Interventions?” JAMA, 2003, 289:903-5. [PubMed 12588276]
*Aggarwal A, Sobel BE, and Schneider DJ, “Decreased Platelet Reactivity in Blood Anticoagulated With Bivalirudin or Enoxaparin Compared With Unfractionated Heparin: Implications for Coronary Intervention,” J Thromb Thrombolysis, 2002, 13:161-5. [PubMed 12355033]
*Bittl JA, Chaitman BR, Feit F, et al, “Bivalirudin Versus Heparin During Coronary Angioplasty for Unstable or Postinfarction Angina: Final Report Reanalysis of the Bivalirudin Angioplasty Study,” Am Heart J, 2001, 142:952-9. [PubMed 11717596]
*Bittl JA, Strony J, Brinker JA, et al, “Treatment With Bivalirudin (Hirulog) as Compared With Heparin During Coronary Angioplasty for Unstable or Postinfarction Angina. Hirulog Angioplasty Study Investigators,” N Engl J Med, 1995, 333(12):764-9. [PubMed 7643883]
*Bivalirudin injection [prescribing information]. Deerfield, IL: Baxter Healthcare; May 2018.
*Cuker A, Arepally GM, Chong BH, et al. American Society of Hematology 2018 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Blood Adv. 2018;2(22):3360-3392. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018024489. [PubMed 30482768]
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[[Category:Pharmacology]]
[[Category:Pharmacology]]

Revision as of 13:34, 10 June 2019

Administration

  • Type: Anticoagulant (Direct thrombin inhibitor)
  • Dosage Forms: powder for injection
  • Dosage Strengths: 250mg
  • Routes of Administration: IV
  • Common Trade Names: Angiomax, Angiox

Adult Dosing

  • Acute MI, adjunct to thrombolysis: 0.25 mg/kg IV bolus + 0.5 mg/kg/hr x 12h, then 0.25 mg/kg/hr x 36h
  • PCI Thrombosis prophylaxis: 0.75 mg/kg IV bolus + 1.75 mg/kg/hr IV infusion during procedure + 0.2mg/kg/hr x 4-20h after procedure
  • Unstable angina/NSTEMI: 0.1 mg/kg IV bolus + 0.25 mg/kg/hour IV infusion

Pediatric Dosing

Safety/efficacy not established

Special Populations

  • Pregnancy Rating: B
  • Lactation risk: Infant risk cannot be ruled out
  • Renal dosing: no adjustment in bolus dosing
    • CrCl 30-59 mL/min: no adjustment in infusion or bolus dose
    • CrCl <30: consider reducing infusion to 1 mg/kg/hr
    • Hemodialysis: Reduce infusion rate to 0.25 mg/kg/hr
  • Hepatic dosing:

Contraindications

  • Allergy to class/drug
  • Active major bleeding

Adverse Reactions

Serious

  • Major bleeding: retroperitoneal, intracranial hemorrhage
  • Coronary artery stent thrombosis, ventricular fibrillation
  • Thrombosis
  • Cerebral ischemia
  • Peripheral facial palsy
  • Oliguria, renal failure
  • Sepsis

Common

  • Hypotension
  • Minor bleeding
  • Nausea
  • Headache, backache, pain

Pharmacology

  • Half-life: 25 min
  • Metabolism: Blood proteases
  • Excretion: Renal

Mechanism of Action

  • Binds to and inhibits thrombin

Comments

See Also

References

  • Allie DE, Lirtzman MD, Wyatt CH, et al, “Bivalirudin as a Foundation Anticoagulant in Peripheral Vascular Disease: A Safe and Feasible Alternative for Renal and Iliac Interventions," J Invasive Cardiol, 2003, 15(6):334-42. [PubMed 12777673]
  • Amsterdam EA, Wenger NK, Brindis RG, et al; American College of Cardiology; American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines; Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions; Society of Thoracic Surgeons; American Association for Clinical Chemistry. 2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines [published correction appears in J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64(24):2713-2714]. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64(24):e139-e228. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.09.017. [PubMed 25260718]
  • Angiomax (bivalirudin) [prescribing information]. Princeton, NJ: Sandoz Inc; February 2019.
  • Angiomax (bivalirudin) [product monograph]. Mississauga, Ontario, Canada: Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc.; September 2016.
  • Antman EM, “Should Bivalirudin Replace Heparin During Percutaneous Coronary Interventions?” JAMA, 2003, 289:903-5. [PubMed 12588276]
  • Aggarwal A, Sobel BE, and Schneider DJ, “Decreased Platelet Reactivity in Blood Anticoagulated With Bivalirudin or Enoxaparin Compared With Unfractionated Heparin: Implications for Coronary Intervention,” J Thromb Thrombolysis, 2002, 13:161-5. [PubMed 12355033]
  • Bittl JA, Chaitman BR, Feit F, et al, “Bivalirudin Versus Heparin During Coronary Angioplasty for Unstable or Postinfarction Angina: Final Report Reanalysis of the Bivalirudin Angioplasty Study,” Am Heart J, 2001, 142:952-9. [PubMed 11717596]
  • Bittl JA, Strony J, Brinker JA, et al, “Treatment With Bivalirudin (Hirulog) as Compared With Heparin During Coronary Angioplasty for Unstable or Postinfarction Angina. Hirulog Angioplasty Study Investigators,” N Engl J Med, 1995, 333(12):764-9. [PubMed 7643883]
  • Bivalirudin injection [prescribing information]. Deerfield, IL: Baxter Healthcare; May 2018.
  • Cuker A, Arepally GM, Chong BH, et al. American Society of Hematology 2018 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Blood Adv. 2018;2(22):3360-3392. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018024489. [PubMed 30482768]