Antidotes: Difference between revisions
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{| | {| {{table}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''TOXIN''' | |||
| '''ANTIDOTE''' | |||
|- | |||
| [[Acetaminophen]] | |||
| | | | ||
[[N-Acetylcysteine]] | |||
*150mg/kg IV load over 60min; followed by 50mg/kg IV over 4hr and then 100mg/kg IV over 16hr | |||
| | |- | ||
| [[Anticholinergic toxicity|Anticholinergics]] | |||
| [[Physostigmine]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[Arsenic]] | ||
| | | [[Dimercaprol]] (BAL) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | [[Benzodiazepines]] | ||
| | | | ||
[[Flumazenil]] | |||
*Adult: 0.2mg IV | |||
*Peds: 0.01mg/kg IV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | [[Beta-Blocker Toxicity|Beta blockers]] | ||
| | | | ||
[[Glucagon]] | |||
*Adult: 3-10mg IV | |||
*Peds: 50-150mcg/kg IV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | [[Calcium Channel Blocker Toxicity|Ca channel blockers]] | ||
| | | | ||
[[Calcium chloride]] 10% | |||
*Adult: 10 mL IV | |||
*Peds: 0.2-0.25 mL/kg IV | |||
High Dose Insulin (1 unit/kg/hr) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[Clonidine Toxicity|Clonidine]] | ||
| | | | ||
[[Naloxone]] | |||
*Adult: 0.4-2mg IV | |||
*Peds: 0.1mg/kg IV (max 2mg) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Cyanide]] | |||
| | | | ||
[[ | [[Hydroxycobalamin]] | ||
'''OR''' | |||
[[Cyanide antidote kit]] (Amyl Nitrite, Sodium Nitrite, and Sodium Thiosulfate) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Digoxin Toxicity|Digoxin]] | |||
| [[Dig Immune Fab]] | |||
|- | |||
| [[Ethylene Glycol Poisoning|Ethylene glycol]] | |||
| | | | ||
[[Fomepizole]] | |||
*15mg/kg IV; then 10mg/kg q12h | |||
| | |- | ||
| Fluoride | |||
| [[Calcium gluconate]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[Heparin (Unfractionated)|Heparin]] | ||
| | | | ||
[[Protamine Sulfate]] | |||
*Adult: 25-50mg IV (empiric dose) over 10 minutes | |||
*Peds: 0.6mg/kg IV (empiric dose) | |||
''Note: Rapid protamine infusion causes hypotension''<ref>Hirsh J. et al. "Parenteral anticoagulants: ACCP Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest 2008; 133</ref> | |||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[Iron (Fe)|Iron]] | ||
| [[ | | [[Deferoxamine]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[Isoniazid]] (INH) | ||
| | |||
[[Pyridoxine]] (Vit B6) | |||
*Adult: 5gm IV | |||
*Peds: 1gm/kg regardless of age <ref>Minns, A. et al. Isoniazid-Induced Status Epilepticus in a Pediatric Patient After Inadequate Pyridoxine Therapy. Pediatric Emergency Care. 2010:26(5)380-381</ref> | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | [[Lead toxicity|Lead]] | ||
| | | [[EDTA]], [[succimer]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | [[Mercury Poisoning|Mercury]] | ||
| | | [[Dimercaprol]] (BAL) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | [[Methanol Toxicity|Methanol]] | ||
| | | | ||
[[Fomepizole]] | |||
*15mi/kg IV; then 10mg/kg q12h<br> | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | [[Methemoglobinemia]] | ||
| | | [[Methylene blue]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | [[Opioid Overdose|Opiods]] | ||
| | | [[Naloxone]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | [[Organophosphates]] | ||
| | | [[Atropine]] + [[Pralidoxime]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | [[Sulfonylurea Toxicity|Sulfonylurea]] | ||
| | | | ||
[[Octreotide]] | |||
*Adult: 50–100mcg SC q6hr | |||
*Peds: 1mcg/kg SC q6hr | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | [[Tricyclic (TCA) Toxicity]] | ||
| | | | ||
[[Bicarbonate]] | |||
*1-2mEq/kg IV bolus followed by 2mEq/kg/hr IV infusion | |||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[Valproic acid toxicity|Valproate]] | ||
| | | [[L-Carnitine]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Warfarin (Coumadin) Reversal|Warfarin]] | |||
| [[Vitamin K]], [[Fresh Frozen Plasma|FFP]], [[Prothrombin complex concentrate]] | |||
| [[Warfarin (Coumadin) Reversal|Warfarin]] | |||
| | |||
|} | |} | ||
== | ==References== | ||
<references> | |||
[[Category: | [[Category:Toxicology]] |
Revision as of 23:24, 30 May 2017
TOXIN | ANTIDOTE |
Acetaminophen |
|
Anticholinergics | Physostigmine |
Arsenic | Dimercaprol (BAL) |
Benzodiazepines |
|
Beta blockers |
|
Ca channel blockers |
Calcium chloride 10%
High Dose Insulin (1 unit/kg/hr) |
Clonidine |
|
Cyanide |
Hydroxycobalamin OR Cyanide antidote kit (Amyl Nitrite, Sodium Nitrite, and Sodium Thiosulfate) |
Digoxin | Dig Immune Fab |
Ethylene glycol |
|
Fluoride | Calcium gluconate |
Heparin |
Note: Rapid protamine infusion causes hypotension[1] |
Iron | Deferoxamine |
Isoniazid (INH) |
Pyridoxine (Vit B6)
|
Lead | EDTA, succimer |
Mercury | Dimercaprol (BAL) |
Methanol |
|
Methemoglobinemia | Methylene blue |
Opiods | Naloxone |
Organophosphates | Atropine + Pralidoxime |
Sulfonylurea |
|
Tricyclic (TCA) Toxicity |
|
Valproate | L-Carnitine |
Warfarin | Vitamin K, FFP, Prothrombin complex concentrate |
References
<references>