Difference between revisions of "Ampicillin"
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==General== | ==General== | ||
*Type: [[Penicillin]] | *Type: [[Penicillin]] | ||
| − | *Dosage Forms: | + | *Dosage Forms: capsule, oral suspension, powder for injection |
| − | *Common Trade Names: | + | *Dosage Strengths: capsule: 250, 500mg; oral suspension: 125, 250mg/5mL; powder for injection: 125mg, 250mg, 500mg, 1g, 2g, 10g |
| + | *Routes of Administration: PO, IV, IM | ||
| + | *Common Trade Names: Ampi, Omnipen, Penglobe, Principen | ||
==Adult Dosing== | ==Adult Dosing== | ||
| Line 11: | Line 13: | ||
==Special Populations== | ==Special Populations== | ||
| − | *Pregnancy: | + | *[[Drug pregnancy categories|Pregnancy Rating]]: B |
| − | *Lactation: | + | *Lactation: Excreted in breastmilk, use caution |
| − | *Renal | + | *Renal dosing: |
| − | ** | + | **CrCl <10 mL/min: Administer q12-24hr |
| − | ** | + | **CrCl 10-50 mL/min: Administer q6-12hr |
| − | * | + | **CrCl >50 mL/min: Administer q6hr |
| − | * | + | *Hepatic Dosing: not studied |
| − | * | ||
==Contraindications== | ==Contraindications== | ||
| Line 25: | Line 26: | ||
==Adverse Reactions== | ==Adverse Reactions== | ||
===Serious=== | ===Serious=== | ||
| + | *Pseudomembranous colitis, enterocolitis | ||
| + | *Agranulocytosis | ||
| + | *Seizure | ||
| + | *Interstitial nephritis | ||
| + | *Stridor | ||
| + | *Anaphylaxis | ||
===Common=== | ===Common=== | ||
| + | *Rash, urticaria | ||
| + | *Diarrhea, nausea | ||
| + | *Fever | ||
| + | *Oral candidiasis | ||
| + | *Stomatitis, glossitis | ||
| + | *Anemia/hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, eosinophilia | ||
| + | *Serum sickness like reaction | ||
| + | *Elevated AST | ||
| + | *Erythema multiforme | ||
| + | |||
==Pharmacology== | ==Pharmacology== | ||
| − | *Half-life: | + | *Half-life: 1-1.8 hr (normal renal function); 7-20 hr (anuria/ESRD) |
| − | *Metabolism: | + | *Metabolism: Hepatic |
| − | *Excretion: | + | *Excretion: Urine |
| − | *Mechanism of Action: | + | *Mechanism of Action: Bactericidal; inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis |
==[[Antibiotic Sensitivities]]<ref>Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy 2014</ref>== | ==[[Antibiotic Sensitivities]]<ref>Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy 2014</ref>== | ||
| Line 160: | Line 177: | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| − | |||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
| − | [[Category:Pharmacology]] | + | [[Category:Pharmacology]] [[Category:ID]] |
Revision as of 17:09, 19 September 2019
Contents
General
- Type: Penicillin
- Dosage Forms: capsule, oral suspension, powder for injection
- Dosage Strengths: capsule: 250, 500mg; oral suspension: 125, 250mg/5mL; powder for injection: 125mg, 250mg, 500mg, 1g, 2g, 10g
- Routes of Administration: PO, IV, IM
- Common Trade Names: Ampi, Omnipen, Penglobe, Principen
Adult Dosing
Pediatric Dosing
Pneumonia (peds)
- 150-200mg/kg/day IV divided Q6hours (max dose: 4g per day)
Special Populations
- Pregnancy Rating: B
- Lactation: Excreted in breastmilk, use caution
- Renal dosing:
- CrCl <10 mL/min: Administer q12-24hr
- CrCl 10-50 mL/min: Administer q6-12hr
- CrCl >50 mL/min: Administer q6hr
- Hepatic Dosing: not studied
Contraindications
- Allergy to class/drug
Adverse Reactions
Serious
- Pseudomembranous colitis, enterocolitis
- Agranulocytosis
- Seizure
- Interstitial nephritis
- Stridor
- Anaphylaxis
Common
- Rash, urticaria
- Diarrhea, nausea
- Fever
- Oral candidiasis
- Stomatitis, glossitis
- Anemia/hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, eosinophilia
- Serum sickness like reaction
- Elevated AST
- Erythema multiforme
Pharmacology
- Half-life: 1-1.8 hr (normal renal function); 7-20 hr (anuria/ESRD)
- Metabolism: Hepatic
- Excretion: Urine
- Mechanism of Action: Bactericidal; inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis
Antibiotic Sensitivities[1]
Key
- S susceptible/sensitive (usually)
- I intermediate (variably susceptible/resistant)
- R resistant (or not effective clinically)
- S+ synergistic with cell wall antibiotics
- U sensitive for UTI only (non systemic infection)
- X1 no data
- X2 active in vitro, but not used clinically
- X3 active in vitro, but not clinically effective for Group A strep pharyngitis or infections due to E. faecalis
- X4 active in vitro, but not clinically effective for strep pneumonia
See Also
References
- ↑ Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy 2014