Amphetamines: Difference between revisions
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[[File:MDMA.png|thumbnail|MDMA]] | [[File:MDMA.png|thumbnail|MDMA]] | ||
[[File:Mescaline.png|thumbnail|Mescaline]] | [[File:Mescaline.png|thumbnail|Mescaline]] | ||
[[File:Desoxyn (methamphetamine) 5 mg tablets.jpg|thumb|Desoxyn tablets – pharmaceutical methamphetamine hydrochloride]] | |||
[[File:Blue Crystal Meth.jpg|thumb|Crystal meth – illicit methamphetamine hydrochloride]] | |||
*Class of xenobiotics (Substituted amphetamines) based on a common central structure (ethylamine group attached to a phenol ring) | *Class of xenobiotics (Substituted amphetamines) based on a common central structure (ethylamine group attached to a phenol ring) | ||
**All have mixed serotonergic and dopaminergic activity | **All have mixed serotonergic and dopaminergic activity | ||
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*Lasts 3 - 5hrs | *Lasts 3 - 5hrs | ||
*[[Hyponatremia]] | *[[Hyponatremia]] | ||
{{Sympathomimetic types}} | |||
==Clinical Features== | ==Clinical Features== | ||
[[File:Suspectedmethmouth09-19-05.jpg|thumb|Meth mouth]] | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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* [[Urinary retention]] | * [[Urinary retention]] | ||
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* | * Anuria | ||
* [[ | * [[Acute kidney injury]] | ||
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! scope="row"| Other | ! scope="row"| Other |
Latest revision as of 22:01, 26 November 2020
Background
- Class of xenobiotics (Substituted amphetamines) based on a common central structure (ethylamine group attached to a phenol ring)
- All have mixed serotonergic and dopaminergic activity
- Unlike cocaine, duration of action may be 12hr or longer
- Time- oral- 30min, inhaled instant
- hepatic and renal excretion- lasts 6- 24 hrs
- if tolerance developes- physical exam may yield normal findings
- desipramine and amantadine can give false positive for urine amphet test
- hallucinogenic amphetamine derivatives may not show up on tox screen AKA Entactogens- enabling user to touch within
Methamphetamine
- More combative
- Delusions of parasites, formication, self-mutilate
- more dysphoric
MDMA Ecstacy
- Increases serotonin, dopamine
- Lasts 3 - 5hrs
- Hyponatremia
Sympathomimetics
- Cocaine
- Amphetamines
- Synthetic cathinones (khat)
- Ketamine
- Ecstasy (MDMA)
- Synthetic cannabinoids
- Bath salts
Clinical Features
System | Minor or moderate overdose | Severe overdose |
---|---|---|
Cardiovascular |
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Central nervous system |
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Musculoskeletal |
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Respiratory |
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Urinary |
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Other |
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Differential Diagnosis
Sympathomimetics
- Cocaine
- Amphetamines
- Synthetic cathinones (khat)
- Ketamine
- Ecstasy (MDMA)
- Synthetic cannabinoids
- Bath salts
Drugs of abuse
- 25C-NBOMe
- Alcohol
- Amphetamines
- Bath salts
- Cocaine
- Ecstasy
- Gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB)
- Heroin
- Inhalant abuse
- Hydrocarbon toxicity
- Difluoroethane (electronics duster)
- Marijuana
- Kratom
- Phencyclidine (PCP)
- Psilocybin ("magic mushrooms")
- Synthetic cannabinoids
- Chloral hydrate
- Body packing