ACLS: Bradycardia: Difference between revisions

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''This page is for bradycardia with a pulse; for bradycardia without a pulse see [[Adult Pulseless Arrest]] (i.e. PEA)''
''This page is for bradycardia with a pulse; for bradycardia without a pulse (i.e. PEA) see [[Adult pulseless arrest]]''


==Background==
==Background==
*HR < 60
*HR < 60
*Intervention only necessary if pt is symptomatic (hypotension, AMS, chest pain, pulm edema)
*Intervention only necessary if patient is symptomatic (CASH gets the JOULES = chest pain, altered mental status, shortness of breath, hypotension)


==Categories==
==Categories==
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==Differential Diagnosis==
==Differential Diagnosis==
*'''Ischemia/Infarction'''
{{Symptomatic bradycardia}}
**Inferior [[MI]] (involving RCA)
*'''Neurocardiogenic/reflex-mediated'''
**[[Increased ICP]]
**Vasovagal reflex
**Hypersensitive carotid sinus syndrome
**Intra-abdominal hemorrhage (i.e. ruptured [[ectopic]])
*'''Metabolic/endocrine/environmental'''
**[[Hyperkalemia]]
**[[Hypothermia]] (Osborn waves on ECG)
**[[Hypothyroidism]]
**[[Hypoglycemia]] (neonates)
*'''Toxicologic'''
**[[B-blocker]]
**[[Ca-channel blocker]]
**[[Digoxin toxicity]]
**[[Opioids]]
**[[Organophosphates]]
*'''Infectious/Postinfectious'''
**[[Chagas disease]]
**[[Lyme disease]]
**[[Syphilis]]
*[[Sick Sinus Syndrome]]


==Treatment==
==Management==
[[File:ACLS-bradycardia.png|thumb|Algorithm for bradycardia with a pulse (Adapted from ACLS 2010)]]
*'''[[Atropine]]'''
*'''[[Atropine]]'''
**Can be used as temporizing measure (while awaiting pacing and/or chronotropes)
**Can be used as temporizing measure (while awaiting pacing and/or chronotropes)
**Use cautiously in patients with ongoing ischemia (tachycardia may worsen ischemia)
**Use cautiously in patients with ongoing ischemia (tachycardia may worsen ischemia)
**0.5mg q3-5min (max 3mg or 6 doses)
**Avoid and/or do not rely on in wide complex bradycardia, especially in setting of ischemia<ref>Neumar RW et al. Part 8: Adult Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support. 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care.</ref>
**1mg q3-5min (max 3mg or 3 doses)
***May not work in 2nd/3rd degree heart block, heart transplant
***May not work in 2nd/3rd degree heart block, heart transplant
***Priority is to use external cardiac pacemaking<ref>Burns, E. AV block: 3rd degree (complete heart block). http://lifeinthefastlane.com/ecg-library/basics/complete-heart-block/</ref>
***Priority is to use external cardiac pacemaking<ref>Burns, E. AV block: 3rd degree (complete heart block). http://lifeinthefastlane.com/ecg-library/basics/complete-heart-block/</ref>
***Block is below AV node so atropine will accelerate sinus rate, leading to worsening of block and increased fatigue of AV nodal cells
***Block is below AV node so atropine will accelerate sinus rate, leading to worsening of block and increased fatigue of AV nodal cells
*'''Chronotropes'''
*'''Chronotropes'''
**[[Dopamine]] 2-10mcg/kg/min
**[[Dopamine]] 5-20 mcg/kg/min, max 50 mcg/kg/min
**[[Epinephrine]] 2-10mcg/min
**[[Dobutamine]] 2-20 mcg/kg/min, max 40 mcg/kg/min
**[[Epinephrine]] 2-10 mcg/min (~0.03-0.2 mcg/kg/min, max 1 mcg/kg/min)
**[[Isoproterenol]] 2-10 mcg/min
*'''[[Transcutaneous Pacing]]'''
*'''[[Transcutaneous Pacing]]'''
*'''[[Transvenous Pacing]]'''
*'''[[Transvenous Pacing]]'''


===Antidotes for toxicologic causes===
===[[Antidotes]] for toxicologic causes===
*[[Beta-Blocker Toxicity]]  
*[[Beta-Blocker Toxicity]]  
**Glucagon 5mg IV Q10min (rpt up to 3 doses)
**[[Glucagon]] 5mg IV Q10min (rpt up to 3 doses)
**Insulin 1U/kg bolus
**[[Insulin]] 1U/kg bolus
**Intralipid (ILE)
**[[Intralipid]] (ILE)
*[[Calcium Channel Blocker Toxicity]]
*[[Calcium Channel Blocker Toxicity]]
**[[Calcium gluconate]] 3g  
**[[Calcium gluconate]] 3g  
**Insulin 1U/kg bolus
**[[Insulin]] 1U/kg bolus
**Intralipid (ILE)
**[[Intralipid]] (ILE)
*[[Digoxin Toxicity]]
*[[Digoxin Toxicity]]
**[[Dig immune Fab]] 10-20 vials
**[[Dig immune Fab]] 10-20 vials
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==See Also==
==See Also==
*[[ACLS (Main)]]
*[[ACLS (Main)]]
==External Links==
*[http://ddxof.com/simplified-acls-algorithms/ DDxOf: Simplified ACLS Algorithms]
*[https://emergencymedicinecases.com/treatment-bradycardia-bradydysrhythmias/ EM Cases Treatment of Bradycardia and Bradydysrhythmias]
==Video==


==References==
==References==
<references/>
<references/>
*Semelka, M et al. Sick Sinus Syndrome: A Review. Am Fam Physician. 2013 May 15;87(10):691-696.http://www.aafp.org/afp/2013/0515/p691.html*afp20130515p691-t2.


[[Category:Cards]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Critical Care]]
[[Category:Critical Care]]
[[Category:EMS]]
[[Category:EMS]]

Latest revision as of 17:21, 2 April 2023

This page is for bradycardia with a pulse; for bradycardia without a pulse (i.e. PEA) see Adult pulseless arrest

Background

  • HR < 60
  • Intervention only necessary if patient is symptomatic (CASH gets the JOULES = chest pain, altered mental status, shortness of breath, hypotension)

Categories

  • Sinus node dysfunction
  • AV node dysfunction
    • 1st degree AV block
    • 2nd degree AV block Mobitz I/Wenckebach
    • 2nd degree AV block Mobitz II
    • 3rd degree AV block (complete heart block)

Differential Diagnosis

Symptomatic bradycardia

Management

Algorithm for bradycardia with a pulse (Adapted from ACLS 2010)
  • Atropine
    • Can be used as temporizing measure (while awaiting pacing and/or chronotropes)
    • Use cautiously in patients with ongoing ischemia (tachycardia may worsen ischemia)
    • Avoid and/or do not rely on in wide complex bradycardia, especially in setting of ischemia[1]
    • 1mg q3-5min (max 3mg or 3 doses)
      • May not work in 2nd/3rd degree heart block, heart transplant
      • Priority is to use external cardiac pacemaking[2]
      • Block is below AV node so atropine will accelerate sinus rate, leading to worsening of block and increased fatigue of AV nodal cells
  • Chronotropes
  • Transcutaneous Pacing
  • Transvenous Pacing

Antidotes for toxicologic causes

See Also

External Links

Video

References

  1. Neumar RW et al. Part 8: Adult Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support. 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care.
  2. Burns, E. AV block: 3rd degree (complete heart block). http://lifeinthefastlane.com/ecg-library/basics/complete-heart-block/