Syncope (DDx)

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Life Threatening Causes

  • Cardiovascular syncope
  • Dysrhythmia
  • V-tach
  • Long QT
  • Brugada
  • Bradycardia (heart block)
  • Sinus pause
  • Ischemia
  • ACS
  • Structural Abnormalities
  • Valvular disease (AS, MS)
  • Cardiomyopathy
  • Tamponade
  • Aortic dissection
  • Hemorrhage
  • Trauma with significant blood loss
  • GI bleed
  • Tissue rupture (ectopic, spleen, aortic aneurysm)
  • Pulmonary Embolism
  • Subarachnoid hemorrhage


Common Causes

  • Neurocardiogenic syncope (vasovagal)
  • Micturion, defecation, cough, swallowing, situational
  • Carotid sinus hypersensitivity
  • Orthostatic hypotension
  • Medication-related
  • Vasoactive Medications
  • Alpha/beta blockers, CCB, nitrates, antihypertensives, diuretics, ED meds
  • Medications affecting conduction
  • Antiarrhythmics, CCB, BB, digoxin
  • Medications affecting QT interval
  • Antiarrhythmics, antiemetics, antipsychotics/depressants


Source: UpToDate

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