Statistical power
Background
- null hypothesis: there is no relationship between two measured phenomena
- often denoted H0 (read “H-nought”, "H-null", or "H-zero")
Common Statistical Terms
- Type I error: H0 incorrectly rejected
- Type II error: H0 incorrectly accepted
- α: probability of type I error
- β: probability of type II error
- Power: probability of correctly rejecting H0
*↑ power and ↓ β: ↑ sample size, ↑ expected effect size, ↑ precision of measurement
- Standard deviation: variability from mean
- Standard error of the mean: variability between sample mean and true mean
- Positive skew: mean > median > mode
- Negative skew: mean < median < mode
- Confidence interval: range in which real mean expected to fall
- t test: compares means of 2 groups
- ANOVA: compares means of ≥ 3 groups
- χ²: ≥ 2 percentages or proportions of categorical outcomes