Gingival hyperplasia

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Background

  • Gingival Hyperplasia/hypertrophy main causes are inflammatory, drug-induced, or systemic

Clinical Features

  • Swollen gums
  • Bright red or purple
  • +/- bleeding and easily bleed with probing
  • Poor oral hygiene

Differential Diagnosis

  • Inflammatory hyperplasia
    • Gingivitis
    • Poor oral hygiene and plaque retention
    • Restorative and Orthodontic Applicances
  • Drug Induced hyperplasia
    • Anti-convulsants (Phenytoin, Sodium Valproate, etc.)
    • Immunosuppressants (Cyclosporine, Tacrolimus, etc.)
    • Calcium channel blockers (Nifedipine, Amlodipine, etc.)
  • Congenital Hyperplasia
  • Systemic causes of Hyperplasia
    • Leukemia
    • Granulomatous disease
      • Granulomatosis with polyangitis
      • Sarcoidosis
    • Pyogenic granuloma
    • Pregnancy
    • Warts
    • Lymphoproliferative disease
    • Paraneoplastic syndrome
    • Benign Neoplasms
      • Papilloma, Fibroma, Giant Cell granuloma
  • Periodontitis

Evaluation

Management

  • Improve oral hygiene
  • Follow up with dentist, oral medicine, or periodontist
  • Chlorhexidine Gluconate 0.12% for inflammatory causes
  • Stop offending drug
  • Treat systemic problem

Disposition

  • Treated outpatient

See Also

External Links

References

<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3118079/ <ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3713748/ <ref>http://www.aaom.com/index.php%3Foption=com_content&view=article&id=132:gingival-enlargement&catid=22:patient-condition-information&Itemid=120

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