Metabolic syndrome

Background

• Three or more of the following or if taking any medication to control disease.
  • Large waist circumference — At least 35 inches (89 centimeters) for women and 40 inches for men
  • High triglyceride level — 150 mg/dL or 1.7 mmol/L
  • Reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol — less than 40 mg/dL (1.04 mmol/L) in men or less than 50 mg/dL (1.3 mmol/L) in women of this "good" cholesterol
  • Increased blood pressure — 130/85 or higher
  • Elevated fasting blood sugar — 100 mg/dL or higher

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Criteria
Waist circumference >/=102 cm in men or >/=88 cm in women
Plus 3 of the following:
Fasting blood glucose >/= to 100 mg/dL or requiring treamtment for elevated blood glucose
HDL </=40 in men or </=50 in women
TGs >/=150 mg/dL
BP >/= 130/85 or requiring drug treatment for HTN
Additional Markers
MSX is considered to be a prothrombotic, proimflammatory state. As such, it may be associated with elevated CRP, IL-6 and tissue plasminogen activator. The elevated inflammatory markers may be associated with increased risk for CVD and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. However, these markers have not been shown of any benefit in the ED. Rather, they should be used for evaluation of risk of CVD in the outpatient setting.

References

1. Grundy, S. M. (2005). Diagnosis and Management of the Metabolic Syndrome: An American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement: Executive Summary. Circulation, 112(17). doi:10.1161/circulationaha.105.169405

2. Genuth, S. (2003). Follow-up report on the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus , 26(11). Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=14578255.