Bath salts toxicity
Revision as of 21:17, 7 July 2016 by Neil.m.young (talk | contribs) (Text replacement - " ==" to "==")
Background
- Found in herbal products sold under guise of "not for human consumption"
- May be found under brand name Aura, Ivory wave, Vanilla sky
- Active ingredients vary; often contain methylenedioxyprovalerone (MDPV) or mephedrone
- Similar effects to Ecstasy (MDMA), cocaine, methamphetamines
Clinical features
Sympathomimetic toxicity + Psychomotor agitation + Hallucinations
- Sympathomimetic toxidrome
- Tachycardia
- Hypertension
- Agitation
- Paranoia
- Hyperthermia
- Hallucinogenic
Diagnosis
- Diagnosis based on history and physical exam
Work-Up
- Fingerstick glucose
- Complete metabolic panel
- LFTs
- Coags
- Total CK
- Utox not helpful, usually negative
Differential Diagnosis
Sympathomimetics
- Cocaine
- Amphetamines
- Synthetic cathinones (khat)
- Ketamine
- Ecstasy (MDMA)
- Synthetic cannabinoids
- Bath salts
Treatment
- Benzodiazepines or haldol for agitation
- Rapid cooling for hyperthermia
- IV hydration
- Monitor urine output
Disposition
- Discharge if AMS and sympathomimetic symptoms resolve w/o end-organ damage
- Admit for lab abnormalities or persistent AMS