Gyromitra mushrooms
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- Also known as "brain fungi"
- Fruit in the spring and early summer
- Frequently mistaken for morel mushrooms[1]
- Inhibits formation of Vitamin B6 and GABA via hydrazine metabolite
Clinical findings
- GI upset, fatigue, muscle cramps
- Can present with refractory seizures due to GABA deficiency
- Hemolysis usually mild
- Rarely methemoglobinemia
Treatment
- Supportive care
- High dose pyridoxine for refractory seizures (5g IV initially)
- Avoid phenobarbital, especially in liver failure
- Methylene blue for severe methemoglobinemia
- Folinic acid supplementation (hydrazines inhibit MTHF production)
Crotinarius mushrooms
- contain toxin Orellanine
Clinical findings
- Headache, chills, malaise, nausea and vomiting over days
- Can see delayed renal failure 1-3 weeks after exposure
Treatment
- Supportive
- If renal failure from mushroom exposure, recovery can take several weeks. May need temporary hemodialysis.
- ↑ Brozen R et al. Gyromitra Mushroom Toxicity. Apr 14, 2015. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/817931-treatment#showall.