Gingival hyperplasia

Background

• Gingival Hyperplasia/hypertrophy main causes are inflammatory, drug-induced, or systemic

Clinical Features

• Swollen gums
• Bright red or purple
• +/- bleeding and easily bleed with probing
• Poor oral hygiene

Differential Diagnosis

• Inflammatory hyperplasia
  • Gingivitis
  • Poor oral hygiene and plaque retention
  • Restorative and Orthodontic Applicances
• Drug Induced hyperplasia
  • Anti-convulsants (Phenytoin, Sodium Valproate, etc.)
  • Immunosuppressants (Cyclosporine, Tacrolimus, etc.)
  • Calcium channel blockers (Nifedipine, Amlodipine, etc.)
• Congenital Hyperplasia
• Systemic causes of Hyperplasia
  • Leukemia
  • Granulomatous disease
    • Granulomatosis with polyangitis
    • Sarcoidosis
  • Pyogenic granuloma
  • Pregnancy
  • Warts
  • Lymphoproliferative disease
  • Paraneoplastic syndrome
  • Benign Neoplasms
    • Papilloma, Fibroma, Giant Cell granuloma
• Periodontitis

Management

• Improve oral hygiene
• Follow up with dentist, oral medicine, or periodontist
• Chlorhexidine Gluconate 0.12% for inflammatory causes
• Stop offending drug
• Treat systemic problem

Disposition

• Treated outpatient