Acute chest syndrome

Diagnosis

Any chest symptoms with a new finding on CXR (however, CXR finding may be delayed)

- low grade fever

- chest pain

- cough

DISCUSSION

- sx at presentation are age dependent

age less than 10 were wheeze, cough and fever.

Age older than 20 is arm/ leg pain and dyspnea

- pain is prodrome

WORRISOME

1) Dec Hb

2) inc WBC x 2

3) platelet <200

TESTS

1) CBC

2) retic

3) ABG

4) BC/sputum cx

Treatment

1) Bonchodilators (even if no wheezing)

2) Incentive spirometry

3) Empiric ABX (for PNA)

4) Pain management (to avoid splinting, hypoventilation, and narcosis)

5) O2 only if nec (maintian PaO2 <100)

6) IVF for hypovolemia only

7) Consider transfusion for

-for heart dz, severe/worsening anemia, multilobar PNA, unresponsive hypoxemia

- - Leukocyte depleted blood products

8) Consider exchange transfusion for PaO2 <70 on high O2 +

-no improving

Complications

- older pt more likely to have complications and die

- resp failure predictors: bad xray, thrombocytopenia (<200), h/o cardiac dz

- primary cause of death were resp failure- from PE (bone marrow, fat or thrombotic) and pneumonia

- other causes of death include pulm hem, cor pulm, hypovolemic shock from splenic seq, sepsis, intracranial hem, sz

NEURO

- neuro events = ams, neuromusc events, sz, anoxia

- strong relation between acute chest and neuro complications

- RF = low platelets

Causes

- most common pathogen- C.pneumonia then M.pneumonia and RSV

- cause of acute chest were fat emb, infc and infarction

xray findings of acute chest occur ~2.5d after admission

- multilobar involvement, esp of lower lobes common

Exchange Transfusion

1) Phlebotomize 500mL

2) NS 300mL bolus

3) Phlebotimize 500m:

4) Infuse 4-5 units PRBC

Source

8/07 DONALDSON (adapted from Mistry)

Authors: