Diarrhea (peds): Difference between revisions
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== DDX  ==
== DDX  ==
===Infection===
 
#Viral
=== Infection ===
##Rotavirus
 
##Norwalk virus
#Viral  
##Enteroviruses
##Rotavirus  
##Adenoviruses
##Norwalk virus  
#Bacterial
##Enteroviruses  
##Salmonella
##Adenoviruses  
##Shigella
#Bacterial  
##Yersinia
##Salmonella  
##Campylobacter
##Shigella  
##Escherichia coli
##Yersinia  
##Vibrio species
##Campylobacter  
##Clostridium difficile
##Escherichia coli  
##TB
##Vibrio species  
#Parasitic
##Clostridium difficile  
##Giardia
##TB  
##Entamoeba
#Parasitic  
##Cryptosporidia  
##Giardia  
===Dietary disturbances===
##Entamoeba  
#Overfeeding
##Cryptosporidia
#Food allergy
 
=== Dietary disturbances ===
 
#Overfeeding  
#Food allergy  
#Starvation stools
#Starvation stools
===Anatomic abnormalities===
 
#Intussusception
=== Anatomic abnormalities ===
#Hirschsprung disease
 
#Partial obstruction
#Intussusception  
#Appendicitis
#Hirschsprung disease  
#Blind loop syndrome
#Partial obstruction  
#Intestinal lymphangiectasia
#Appendicitis  
#Blind loop syndrome  
#Intestinal lymphangiectasia  
#Short bowel syndrome
#Short bowel syndrome
===Malabsorption or secretory diseases===
 
##Cystic fibrosis
=== Malabsorption or secretory diseases ===
##Celiac disease
 
##Disaccharidase deficiency
##Cystic fibrosis  
##Celiac disease  
##Disaccharidase deficiency  
##Secretory neoplasms
##Secretory neoplasms
===Systemic diseases===
 
#Immunodeficiency
=== Systemic diseases ===
#Endocrinopathy
 
##Hyperthyroidism
#Immunodeficiency  
##Hypoparathyroidism
#Endocrinopathy  
##Hyperthyroidism  
##Hypoparathyroidism  
##Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
##Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
===Miscellaneous===
 
#Inflammatory bowel disease
=== Miscellaneous ===
#Antibiotic-associated diarrhea
 
#Secondary lactase deficiency
#Inflammatory bowel disease  
#Irritable colon syndrome
#Antibiotic-associated diarrhea  
#Neonatal drug withdrawal
#Secondary lactase deficiency  
#Toxins
#Irritable colon syndrome  
#Neonatal drug withdrawal  
#Toxins  
#Hemolytic uremic syndrome
#Hemolytic uremic syndrome


== Treatment ==
== Treatment ==
===General Treatment===
See [[Diarrhea]]


===Diarrheal Pathogens in Children and Specific Therapy===
=== General Treatment ===
{| border="1" cellpadding="2"
 
If bloody diarrhea, use caution with beginning antibioitics in ED before stool culture results.  Some studies demonstrate antibiotic treatment in setting of ''E.coli'' O157:H7 leads to increasing risk of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS).
 
See [[Diarrhea]]
 
=== Diarrheal Pathogens in Children and Specific Therapy ===
 
{| cellpadding="2" border="1"
|-
|-
! align="left" | AGENT  
! align="left" | AGENT  
! align="left" | SPECIFIC THERAPY BEYOND SUPPORTIVE CARE
! align="left" | SPECIFIC THERAPY BEYOND SUPPORTIVE CARE
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" align="left" | ''Campylobacter jejuni''  
| align="left" rowspan="2" | ''Campylobacter jejuni''  
| align="left" | Azithromycin 12 mg/kg/day PO for 5 days ''or''
| align="left" | Azithromycin 12 mg/kg/day PO for 5 days ''or''
|-
|-
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| align="left" | Metronidazole 30 mg/kg/day, divided, qid PO for 7–10 days ''or''
| align="left" | Metronidazole 30 mg/kg/day, divided, qid PO for 7–10 days ''or''
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" align="left" | ''Escherichia coli''  
| align="left" rowspan="2" | ''Escherichia coli''  
| align="left" | Azithromycin 12 mg/kg/day PO for 5 days ''or''
| align="left" | Azithromycin 12 mg/kg/day PO for 5 days ''or''
|-
|-
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| align="left" | ''In toxic infants &lt;3'' ''mo''<nowiki>:</nowiki><br>Ampicillin 200 mg/kg/24 hours q6h for 7–10 days ''and''<br>Gentamicin 5–7.5 mg/kg/24 hours q8h IV
| align="left" | ''In toxic infants &lt;3'' ''mo''<nowiki>:</nowiki><br>Ampicillin 200 mg/kg/24 hours q6h for 7–10 days ''and''<br>Gentamicin 5–7.5 mg/kg/24 hours q8h IV
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" align="left" | ''Shigella'' species  
| align="left" rowspan="2" | ''Shigella'' species  
| align="left" | Azithromycin 12 mg/kg/day PO for 5 days ''or''
| align="left" | Azithromycin 12 mg/kg/day PO for 5 days ''or''
|-
|-
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== See Also  ==
== See Also  ==
*[[Diarrhea]]
 
*[[Diarrhea]]  
*[[Dehydration]]  
*[[Dehydration]]  
*[[Nausea and Vomiting]]  
*[[Nausea and Vomiting]]
 
== Source  ==


== Source ==
*Rosen's  
*Rosen's
*Tintinalli
*Tintinalli  


[[Category:Peds]] [[Category:ID]] [[Category:GI]]
[[Category:Peds]] [[Category:ID]] [[Category:GI]]

Revision as of 09:23, 28 February 2012

DDX

Infection

  1. Viral
    1. Rotavirus
    2. Norwalk virus
    3. Enteroviruses
    4. Adenoviruses
  2. Bacterial
    1. Salmonella
    2. Shigella
    3. Yersinia
    4. Campylobacter
    5. Escherichia coli
    6. Vibrio species
    7. Clostridium difficile
    8. TB
  3. Parasitic
    1. Giardia
    2. Entamoeba
    3. Cryptosporidia

Dietary disturbances

  1. Overfeeding
  2. Food allergy
  3. Starvation stools

Anatomic abnormalities

  1. Intussusception
  2. Hirschsprung disease
  3. Partial obstruction
  4. Appendicitis
  5. Blind loop syndrome
  6. Intestinal lymphangiectasia
  7. Short bowel syndrome

Malabsorption or secretory diseases

    1. Cystic fibrosis
    2. Celiac disease
    3. Disaccharidase deficiency
    4. Secretory neoplasms

Systemic diseases

  1. Immunodeficiency
  2. Endocrinopathy
    1. Hyperthyroidism
    2. Hypoparathyroidism
    3. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Miscellaneous

  1. Inflammatory bowel disease
  2. Antibiotic-associated diarrhea
  3. Secondary lactase deficiency
  4. Irritable colon syndrome
  5. Neonatal drug withdrawal
  6. Toxins
  7. Hemolytic uremic syndrome

Treatment

General Treatment

If bloody diarrhea, use caution with beginning antibioitics in ED before stool culture results.  Some studies demonstrate antibiotic treatment in setting of E.coli O157:H7 leads to increasing risk of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS).

See Diarrhea

Diarrheal Pathogens in Children and Specific Therapy

AGENT SPECIFIC THERAPY BEYOND SUPPORTIVE CARE
Campylobacter jejuni Azithromycin 12 mg/kg/day PO for 5 days or
Erythromycin 30–50 mg/kg/day, divided, tid PO for 5–7 days
Clostridium difficile Metronidazole 30 mg/kg/day, divided, qid PO for 7–10 days or
Escherichia coli Azithromycin 12 mg/kg/day PO for 5 days or
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 10 mg (TMP)/kg/day PO divided bid for 5–7 days
Giardia lamblia Metronidazole 15 mg/kg/day PO, divided, tid for 5 days
Salmonella species In toxic infants <3 mo:
Ampicillin 200 mg/kg/24 hours q6h for 7–10 days and
Gentamicin 5–7.5 mg/kg/24 hours q8h IV
Shigella species Azithromycin 12 mg/kg/day PO for 5 days or
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 10 mg (TMP)/kg/day, divided, bid for 5–7 days if susceptible
Yersinia enterocolitica If patient is immunosuppressed, treat as for presumed sepsis
Vibrio None; severe diarrhea or cholera may benefit from antibiotics

See Also

Source

  • Rosen's
  • Tintinalli
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