Antibiotic Basics: Difference between revisions
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Beta-Lactams | |||
* | * Penicillin | ||
* Strep Pharyngitis (including scarlet fever)Streptococcal Toxic Shock and Necrotizing Fascitis | |||
< | |||
* Penicillin plus clindamycin (to decrease toxin synthesis) | |||
* Meningococcus Meningitis | |||
* Syphilis (Primary, 2ndary, and latent syphilis < 1 year duration) | |||
* Actinomycosis | |||
* Anthrax | |||
* Clostridial infections | |||
* Listeria | |||
* Pasteurella | |||
* Penicilinase-Resistant Penicillins | |||
* Nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin | |||
* Agents of 1st choice for treatment of S. aureus and S. epidermidis that are not methicillin-reistant | |||
* Expanded-Spectrum Penicillins | |||
* Ampicillin, amoxicillin (+ clavulanate) | |||
* Upper Respiratory Infections (due to S. pyogenes, S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae) | |||
* Sinusitis | |||
* Otitis media | |||
* Acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis | |||
* Listeria | |||
* Antipseudomonal Penicillins | |||
* Piperacillin | |||
* Infection following burns | |||
* Neutropenia | |||
* 1st Gen Cephalosporins | |||
* Cefazolin, cephalexin | |||
* Skin and soft tissue infections (why is agent of choice before gen sx) | |||
* Cross-reactivity of PCN allergy 7% to 18% | |||
* 2nd Gen Cephalosporins | |||
* Cefuroxime | |||
* Intestinal anaerobes (why is agent of chioce for colorectal sx) | |||
* Largely displaced by 3rd gen agents | |||
* 3rd Gen Cephalosporins | |||
* Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime, Cefixime | |||
* Drug of choice for serious infections due to: | |||
* Klebsiella | |||
* Enterobacter | |||
* Proteus | |||
* Haemophilus | |||
* Gonorrhea | |||
* Lyme disease | |||
* Meningitis (+ vanc and ampicillin) | |||
* Pseudomonas meningitis (+ AG) | |||
* 4th Gen Cephalosporins | |||
* Cefepime | |||
* Resistant, nosocomial infections | |||
* Carbapenems | |||
* Imipenem (+ cilastatin), meropenem | |||
* Cephalosporin-resistant nosocomial bacteria | |||
* Empirical treatment of serious infections in patients who recently received other b-lactams | |||
* Aztreonam | |||
* Antimicrobial activity more closely resembles AGs (only active against gram -) | |||
* Enterobacter, pseudomonas, H. influenzae, gonococci | |||
* Little allergic cross-reactivity with B-lactam antibiotics | |||
Aminoglycosides | |||
* Gentamicin, amikacin, streptomycin (either alone or with B-lactam) | * Gentamicin, amikacin, streptomycin (either alone or with B-lactam) | ||
* Serious gram-negative bacillary infections | |||
* Ill patient with pyelonephritis | |||
* Meningitis (due to Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter) | |||
* Peritoneal Dialysis–Associated Peritonitis | |||
* Bacterial endocarditis? | |||
* Caution: Use in patients with Myasthenia Gravis, can precipitate crisis | * Caution: Use in patients with Myasthenia Gravis, can precipitate crisis | ||
Sulfonamides | |||
* Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole | * Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole | ||
* 1st line for uncomplicated lower UTI (especially chronic and recurrent infections) | |||
* PCP pneumonia | |||
* Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis | |||
* Maxillary sinusitis | |||
Fluoroquinolones | |||
* UTI (2nd line) | * UTI (2nd line) | ||
| Line 81: | Line 88: | ||
* PID | * PID | ||
* Traveler's diarrhea | * Traveler's diarrhea | ||
Tetracyclines | |||
* Mycoplasma | * Mycoplasma | ||
| Line 89: | Line 97: | ||
* Epididymitis | * Epididymitis | ||
* Anthrax | * Anthrax | ||
Macrolides | |||
* Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Azithromycin | * Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Azithromycin | ||
* Community-acquired PNA | |||
* Mycoplasma | |||
* Legionnaires' Disease | |||
* Chlamydia (single dose) | |||
* H. Pylori | |||
* Traveler's diarrhea (children and pregnant women) | |||
Clindamycin | |||
* Drug of choice for lung abscess and anaerobic lung and pleural space infections | * Drug of choice for lung abscess and anaerobic lung and pleural space infections | ||
* Toxin-mediated disease, i.e. toxic shock syndrome (TSS) | * Toxin-mediated disease, i.e. toxic shock syndrome (TSS) | ||
Source: Goodman & Gilman's Pharmacology | Source: Goodman & Gilman's Pharmacology | ||
[[Category:ID]] | |||
Revision as of 23:38, 1 March 2011
Beta-Lactams
- Penicillin
- Strep Pharyngitis (including scarlet fever)Streptococcal Toxic Shock and Necrotizing Fascitis
- Penicillin plus clindamycin (to decrease toxin synthesis)
- Meningococcus Meningitis
- Syphilis (Primary, 2ndary, and latent syphilis < 1 year duration)
- Actinomycosis
- Anthrax
- Clostridial infections
- Listeria
- Pasteurella
- Penicilinase-Resistant Penicillins
- Nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin
- Agents of 1st choice for treatment of S. aureus and S. epidermidis that are not methicillin-reistant
- Expanded-Spectrum Penicillins
- Ampicillin, amoxicillin (+ clavulanate)
- Upper Respiratory Infections (due to S. pyogenes, S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae)
- Sinusitis
- Otitis media
- Acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis
- Listeria
- Antipseudomonal Penicillins
- Piperacillin
- Infection following burns
- Neutropenia
- 1st Gen Cephalosporins
- Cefazolin, cephalexin
- Skin and soft tissue infections (why is agent of choice before gen sx)
- Cross-reactivity of PCN allergy 7% to 18%
- 2nd Gen Cephalosporins
- Cefuroxime
- Intestinal anaerobes (why is agent of chioce for colorectal sx)
- Largely displaced by 3rd gen agents
- 3rd Gen Cephalosporins
- Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime, Cefixime
- Drug of choice for serious infections due to:
- Klebsiella
- Enterobacter
- Proteus
- Haemophilus
- Gonorrhea
- Lyme disease
- Meningitis (+ vanc and ampicillin)
- Pseudomonas meningitis (+ AG)
- 4th Gen Cephalosporins
- Cefepime
- Resistant, nosocomial infections
- Carbapenems
- Imipenem (+ cilastatin), meropenem
- Cephalosporin-resistant nosocomial bacteria
- Empirical treatment of serious infections in patients who recently received other b-lactams
- Aztreonam
- Antimicrobial activity more closely resembles AGs (only active against gram -)
- Enterobacter, pseudomonas, H. influenzae, gonococci
- Little allergic cross-reactivity with B-lactam antibiotics
Aminoglycosides
- Gentamicin, amikacin, streptomycin (either alone or with B-lactam)
- Serious gram-negative bacillary infections
- Ill patient with pyelonephritis
- Meningitis (due to Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter)
- Peritoneal Dialysis–Associated Peritonitis
- Bacterial endocarditis?
- Caution: Use in patients with Myasthenia Gravis, can precipitate crisis
Sulfonamides
- Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
- 1st line for uncomplicated lower UTI (especially chronic and recurrent infections)
- PCP pneumonia
- Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis
- Maxillary sinusitis
Fluoroquinolones
- UTI (2nd line)
- Prostatitis
- Chlamydia
- PID
- Traveler's diarrhea
Tetracyclines
- Mycoplasma
- Chlamydia
- PID (combined with cephalosporin)
- Epididymitis
- Anthrax
Macrolides
- Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Azithromycin
- Community-acquired PNA
- Mycoplasma
- Legionnaires' Disease
- Chlamydia (single dose)
- H. Pylori
- Traveler's diarrhea (children and pregnant women)
Clindamycin
- Drug of choice for lung abscess and anaerobic lung and pleural space infections
- Toxin-mediated disease, i.e. toxic shock syndrome (TSS)
Source: Goodman & Gilman's Pharmacology