Diphyllobothrium latum: Difference between revisions
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==Background== | ==Background== | ||
*A type of [[tapeworm]] infection | *A type of [[tapeworm]] infection | ||
*D. latum and D. nihonkaiense are most common pathogens<ref name="Scholz">Scholz T, Garcia HH, Kuchta R, Wicht B. Update on the Human Broad Tapeworm (Genus Diphyllobothrium), Including Clinical Relevance. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 2009;22(1):146-160. doi:10.1128/CMR.00033-08.</ref> | |||
**15-45 day latency period | |||
*Found mostly in cold waters Palaearctic region and North America<ref name="Scholz" /> | |||
**Generally due to eating raw or undercooked fish. | |||
**In US, Great Lakes and Alaska are most common locations. | |||
==Clinical Features== | ==Clinical Features== | ||
*Usually asymptomatic | *Usually asymptomatic or mild GI symptoms<ref name="Scholz" /> | ||
**20% of cases report diarrhea, abdominal pain or discomfort | |||
*Rarely, migrating proglottids can cause cholangitis, cholecystitis, or intestinal obstruction | *Rarely, migrating proglottids can cause cholangitis, cholecystitis, or intestinal obstruction | ||
*Competes for absorption of vitamin B12 | *Competes for absorption of vitamin B12 → can cause pernicious anemia | ||
==Differential Diagnosis== | ==Differential Diagnosis== | ||
== | |||
==Diagnosis== | |||
*Stool sample - morphologic identification of eggs<ref name="Scholz" /> | |||
**Molecular (PCR) diagnosis also possible, but less used | |||
==Management== | ==Management== | ||
*Praziquantel | *Praziquantel 25 mg/kg x1 dose<ref name="Scholz" /> '''OR''' | ||
* | **Niclosamide 2 grams x1 dose | ||
*Replace vitamin B12 if patient has megaloblastic anemia | |||
==Disposition== | ==Disposition== | ||
*Discharge | |||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
*[[ | *[[Helminth infections]] | ||
*[[Parasitic | *[[Parasitic diseases]] | ||
*[[Travel | *[[Travel medicine]] | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
[[Category:ID]] | [[Category:ID]] | ||
[[Category:TropMed]] | [[Category:TropMed]] | ||
Revision as of 10:48, 18 August 2015
Background
- A type of tapeworm infection
- D. latum and D. nihonkaiense are most common pathogens[1]
- 15-45 day latency period
- Found mostly in cold waters Palaearctic region and North America[1]
- Generally due to eating raw or undercooked fish.
- In US, Great Lakes and Alaska are most common locations.
Clinical Features
- Usually asymptomatic or mild GI symptoms[1]
- 20% of cases report diarrhea, abdominal pain or discomfort
- Rarely, migrating proglottids can cause cholangitis, cholecystitis, or intestinal obstruction
- Competes for absorption of vitamin B12 → can cause pernicious anemia
Differential Diagnosis
Diagnosis
- Stool sample - morphologic identification of eggs[1]
- Molecular (PCR) diagnosis also possible, but less used
Management
- Praziquantel 25 mg/kg x1 dose[1] OR
- Niclosamide 2 grams x1 dose
- Replace vitamin B12 if patient has megaloblastic anemia
Disposition
- Discharge