Mid-shaft femur fracture: Difference between revisions
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''Includes all subtrochanteric femur fractures'' | ''Includes all subtrochanteric femur fractures'' | ||
==Background== | ==Background== | ||
*[[File:Structure of a Long Bone.png|thumb|Long bone anatomy.]] | *[[File:Structure of a Long Bone.png|thumb|Long bone anatomy.]] | ||
*Occurs with severe trauma or in association with pathologic bone | *Occurs with severe trauma or in association with pathologic bone | ||
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**PT/PTT | **PT/PTT | ||
**Type & Screen | **Type & Screen | ||
===Evaluation=== | |||
[[File:Location of femur fracture.png|thumb|Location of femur fractures]] | |||
===Workup=== | |||
*Femur x-ray: PA and lateral | |||
===Diagnosis=== | ===Diagnosis=== | ||
Revision as of 19:44, 22 October 2020
Includes all subtrochanteric femur fractures
Background
- Occurs with severe trauma or in association with pathologic bone
- Blood loss can be substantial (average loss = 1L)
Femur Fracture Types
Proximal
- Intracapsular
- Extracapsular
Shaft
- Mid-shaft femur fracture (all subtrochanteric)
Clinical Features
- Clinical presentation is similar to intertrochanteric fracture
- Affected leg is shortened and externally rotated
Differential Diagnosis
Hip pain
Acute Trauma
- Femur fracture
- Proximal
- Intracapsular
- Extracapsular
- Shaft
- Mid-shaft femur fracture (all subtrochanteric)
- Proximal
- Hip dislocation
- Pelvic fractures
Chronic/Atraumatic
- Hip bursitis
- Psoas abscess
- Piriformis syndrome
- Meralgia paresthetica
- Septic arthritis
- Obturator nerve entrapment
- Avascular necrosis of hip
Evaluation
Workup
- Radiography
- Obtain films of knee, femur, and hip for operative planning and to assess for other injury
- Pre-op labs
- CBC
- Chem 7
- PT/PTT
- Type & Screen
Evaluation
Workup
- Femur x-ray: PA and lateral
Diagnosis
- Typically via plain films
Management
- Resuscitation per ATLS guidelines
General Fracture Management
- Acute pain management
- Open fractures require immediate IV antibiotics and urgent surgical washout
- Neurovascular compromise from fracture requires emergent reduction and/or orthopedic intervention
- Consider risk for compartment syndrome
Immobilization
- Consider traction splint
- Little evidence to support its use[1]
- Theoretical benefit of traction splinting is reduction in bleeding and improved pain
- Sager and Hare splints are commonly used by EMS providers
- Buck's traction used by ortho
Disposition
- Admit
- Typically requires ORIF
See Also
External Links
References
- ↑ Agrawal Y, Karwa J, Shah N, et al. Traction splint: to use or not to use. J Perioper Pract. 2009; 19(9):295-298.