Kanamycin: Difference between revisions
| Line 32: | Line 32: | ||
==Adverse Reactions== | ==Adverse Reactions== | ||
*Nephrotoxicity | |||
**Increased risk with renal impairment, high dose, prolonged treatment | |||
**Monitor renal function, peak/trough levels | |||
*Neuromuscular Blockade | |||
**Risk of respiratory paralysis possible with any route of administration | |||
===Black Box Warnings=== | ===Black Box Warnings=== | ||
*Neurotoxicity/Ototoxicity | *Neurotoxicity/Ototoxicity | ||
**Increased risk with renal impairment, high dose, prolonged treatment | **Increased risk with renal impairment, high dose, prolonged treatment | ||
===Serious=== | ===Serious=== | ||
*Nephrotoxicity | *Nephrotoxicity | ||
*Ototoxicity (auditory or vestibular) | *Ototoxicity (auditory or vestibular) | ||
*Neurotoxicity, neuromuscular blockade | *Neurotoxicity, neuromuscular blockade | ||
===Common=== | ===Common=== | ||
*Hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo | *Hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo | ||
Revision as of 14:50, 2 October 2016
Administration
- Type: Aminoglycoside
- Dosage Forms: 1 g/3 mL
- Routes of Administration: IM, IV
Adult Dosing
- Bacterial Infections: 7.5mg/kg IM/IV q12h
- For obese patients, use adjusted wt of IBW + 0.4 x (ABW - IBW)
- Adjust dose based on serum levels
Pediatric Dosing
- Bacterial Infections: 7.5mg/kg IM/IV q12h
Special Populations
- Pregnancy Risk Factor: D
Renal Dosing
- CrCl 50-80: give q12-24h
- CrCl 10-50: give q24-72h
- CrCl <10: give q48-72h
Contraindications
- Allergy to class/drug
- Caution if:
- sulfite hypersensitivity
- renal impairment, dehydration, concurrent nephrotoxic agent use
- impaired auditory or vestibular function, concurrent ototoxic or neurotoxic agents
- neuromuscular disease
- electrolyte abnormalities
- prolonged use, high dose treatment
- neonates/infants or elderly
Adverse Reactions
- Nephrotoxicity
- Increased risk with renal impairment, high dose, prolonged treatment
- Monitor renal function, peak/trough levels
- Neuromuscular Blockade
- Risk of respiratory paralysis possible with any route of administration
Black Box Warnings
- Neurotoxicity/Ototoxicity
- Increased risk with renal impairment, high dose, prolonged treatment
Serious
- Nephrotoxicity
- Ototoxicity (auditory or vestibular)
- Neurotoxicity, neuromuscular blockade
Common
- Hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo
- BUN, creatinine elevated
Pharmacology
- Half-life: 2-4 hrs
- Metabolism: CYP 450
- Excretion: Urine
Mechanism of Action
- Interferes with protein synthesis in bacterial cell by binding to ribosomal subunit
References
<UpToDate, MicroMedex/>