Antibiotic Basics: Difference between revisions
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Beta-Lactams | ==Beta-Lactams== | ||
* Penicillin | * Penicillin | ||
* Strep Pharyngitis (including scarlet fever)Streptococcal Toxic Shock and Necrotizing Fascitis | ** Strep Pharyngitis (including scarlet fever) Streptococcal Toxic Shock and Necrotizing Fascitis | ||
*** Penicillin ''plus'' clindamycin (to decrease toxin synthesis) | |||
** Meningococcus Meningitis | |||
* Penicillin plus clindamycin (to decrease toxin synthesis) | ** Syphilis (Primary, 2ndary, and latent syphilis < 1 year duration) | ||
* Meningococcus Meningitis | ** Actinomycosis | ||
* Syphilis (Primary, 2ndary, and latent syphilis < 1 year duration) | ** Anthrax | ||
* Actinomycosis | ** Clostridial infections | ||
* Anthrax | ** Listeria | ||
* Clostridial infections | ** Pasteurella | ||
* Listeria | |||
* Pasteurella | |||
* Penicilinase-Resistant Penicillins | * Penicilinase-Resistant Penicillins | ||
* Nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin | ** Nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin | ||
* Agents of 1st choice for treatment of S. aureus and S. epidermidis that are not methicillin-reistant | *** Agents of 1st choice for treatment of S. aureus and S. epidermidis that are not methicillin-reistant | ||
* Expanded-Spectrum Penicillins | * Expanded-Spectrum Penicillins | ||
* Ampicillin, amoxicillin (+ clavulanate) | ** Ampicillin, amoxicillin (+ clavulanate) | ||
* Upper Respiratory Infections (due to S. pyogenes, S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae) | *** Upper Respiratory Infections (due to S. pyogenes, S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae) | ||
* Sinusitis | **** Sinusitis | ||
* Otitis media | **** Otitis media | ||
* Acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis | **** Acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis | ||
* Listeria | *** Listeria | ||
* Antipseudomonal Penicillins | * Antipseudomonal Penicillins | ||
* Piperacillin | ** Piperacillin | ||
* Infection following burns | *** Infection following burns | ||
* Neutropenia | *** Neutropenia | ||
* 1st Gen Cephalosporins | * 1st Gen Cephalosporins | ||
* Cefazolin, cephalexin | ** Cefazolin, cephalexin | ||
* Skin and soft tissue infections (why is agent of choice before gen sx) | *** Skin and soft tissue infections (why is agent of choice before gen sx) | ||
* Cross-reactivity of PCN allergy 7% to 18% | ** Cross-reactivity of PCN allergy 7% to 18% | ||
* 2nd Gen Cephalosporins | * 2nd Gen Cephalosporins | ||
* Cefuroxime | ** Cefuroxime | ||
* Intestinal anaerobes (why is agent of chioce for colorectal sx) | *** Intestinal anaerobes (why is agent of chioce for colorectal sx) | ||
* Largely displaced by 3rd gen agents | *** Largely displaced by 3rd gen agents | ||
* 3rd Gen Cephalosporins | * 3rd Gen Cephalosporins | ||
* Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime, Cefixime | ** Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime, Cefixime | ||
* Drug of choice for serious infections due to: | *** Drug of choice for serious infections due to: | ||
* Klebsiella | **** Klebsiella | ||
* Enterobacter | **** Enterobacter | ||
* Proteus | **** Proteus | ||
* Haemophilus | **** Haemophilus | ||
* Gonorrhea | *** Gonorrhea | ||
* Lyme disease | *** Lyme disease | ||
* Meningitis (+ vanc and ampicillin) | *** Meningitis (+ vanc and ampicillin) | ||
* Pseudomonas meningitis (+ AG) | *** Pseudomonas meningitis (+ AG) | ||
* 4th Gen Cephalosporins | * 4th Gen Cephalosporins | ||
* Cefepime | ** Cefepime | ||
* Resistant, nosocomial infections | *** Resistant, nosocomial infections | ||
* Carbapenems | * Carbapenems | ||
* Imipenem (+ cilastatin), meropenem | ** <font size="100%">Imipenem</font> (+ cilastatin), meropenem | ||
* Cephalosporin-resistant nosocomial bacteria | *** Cephalosporin-resistant nosocomial bacteria | ||
* Empirical treatment of serious infections in patients who recently received other b-lactams | *** Empirical treatment of serious infections in patients who recently received other b-lactams | ||
* Aztreonam | * Aztreonam | ||
* Antimicrobial activity more closely resembles | ** Antimicrobial activity more closely resembles AG's (only active against gram -) | ||
* Enterobacter, pseudomonas, H. influenzae, gonococci | *** Enterobacter, pseudomonas, H. influenzae, gonococci | ||
* Little allergic cross-reactivity with B-lactam antibiotics | *** Little allergic cross-reactivity with B-lactam antibiotics | ||
==Aminoglycosides== | |||
* Gentamicin, amikacin, streptomycin (either alone or with B-lactam) | * Gentamicin, amikacin, streptomycin (either alone or with B-lactam) | ||
* Serious gram-negative bacillary infections | ** Serious gram-negative bacillary infections | ||
* Ill patient with pyelonephritis | *** Ill patient with pyelonephritis | ||
* Meningitis (due to Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter) | *** Meningitis (due to Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter) | ||
* Peritoneal Dialysis–Associated Peritonitis | *** Peritoneal Dialysis–Associated Peritonitis | ||
* Bacterial endocarditis? | *** Bacterial endocarditis? | ||
* Caution: Use in patients with Myasthenia Gravis, can precipitate crisis | * Caution: Use in patients with Myasthenia Gravis, can precipitate crisis | ||
==Sulfonamides== | |||
* Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole | * Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole | ||
* 1st line for uncomplicated lower UTI (especially chronic and recurrent infections) | ** 1st line for uncomplicated lower UTI (especially chronic and recurrent infections) | ||
* PCP pneumonia | ** PCP pneumonia | ||
* Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis | ** Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis | ||
* Maxillary sinusitis | ** Maxillary sinusitis | ||
==Fluoroquinolones== | |||
* UTI (2nd line) | * UTI (2nd line) | ||
* Prostatitis | * <font size="100%">Prostatitis</font> | ||
* Chlamydia | * Chlamydia | ||
* PID | * PID | ||
* Traveler's diarrhea | * Traveler's diarrhea | ||
==Tetracyclines== | |||
* Mycoplasma | * Mycoplasma | ||
* Chlamydia | * Chlamydia | ||
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* Epididymitis | * Epididymitis | ||
* Anthrax | * Anthrax | ||
==Macrolides== | |||
* Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Azithromycin | * Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Azithromycin | ||
* Community-acquired PNA | ** Community-acquired PNA | ||
* Mycoplasma | ** Mycoplasma | ||
* Legionnaires' Disease | ** Legionnaires' Disease | ||
* Chlamydia (single dose) | ** Chlamydia (single dose) | ||
* H. Pylori | ** H. Pylori | ||
* Traveler's diarrhea (children and pregnant women) | ** Traveler's diarrhea (children and pregnant women) | ||
==Clindamycin== | |||
* Drug of choice for lung abscess and anaerobic lung and pleural space infections | * Drug of choice for lung abscess and anaerobic lung and pleural space infections | ||
* Toxin-mediated disease, i.e. toxic shock syndrome (TSS) | * Toxin-mediated disease, i.e. toxic shock syndrome (TSS) | ||
==Source== | |||
Goodman & Gilman's Pharmacology | |||
[[Category:ID]] | [[Category:ID]] | ||
Revision as of 14:01, 15 March 2011
Beta-Lactams
- Penicillin
- Strep Pharyngitis (including scarlet fever) Streptococcal Toxic Shock and Necrotizing Fascitis
- Penicillin plus clindamycin (to decrease toxin synthesis)
- Meningococcus Meningitis
- Syphilis (Primary, 2ndary, and latent syphilis < 1 year duration)
- Actinomycosis
- Anthrax
- Clostridial infections
- Listeria
- Pasteurella
- Strep Pharyngitis (including scarlet fever) Streptococcal Toxic Shock and Necrotizing Fascitis
- Penicilinase-Resistant Penicillins
- Nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin
- Agents of 1st choice for treatment of S. aureus and S. epidermidis that are not methicillin-reistant
- Nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin
- Expanded-Spectrum Penicillins
- Ampicillin, amoxicillin (+ clavulanate)
- Upper Respiratory Infections (due to S. pyogenes, S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae)
- Sinusitis
- Otitis media
- Acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis
- Listeria
- Upper Respiratory Infections (due to S. pyogenes, S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae)
- Ampicillin, amoxicillin (+ clavulanate)
- Antipseudomonal Penicillins
- Piperacillin
- Infection following burns
- Neutropenia
- Piperacillin
- 1st Gen Cephalosporins
- Cefazolin, cephalexin
- Skin and soft tissue infections (why is agent of choice before gen sx)
- Cross-reactivity of PCN allergy 7% to 18%
- Cefazolin, cephalexin
- 2nd Gen Cephalosporins
- Cefuroxime
- Intestinal anaerobes (why is agent of chioce for colorectal sx)
- Largely displaced by 3rd gen agents
- Cefuroxime
- 3rd Gen Cephalosporins
- Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime, Cefixime
- Drug of choice for serious infections due to:
- Klebsiella
- Enterobacter
- Proteus
- Haemophilus
- Gonorrhea
- Lyme disease
- Meningitis (+ vanc and ampicillin)
- Pseudomonas meningitis (+ AG)
- Drug of choice for serious infections due to:
- Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime, Cefixime
- 4th Gen Cephalosporins
- Cefepime
- Resistant, nosocomial infections
- Cefepime
- Carbapenems
- Imipenem (+ cilastatin), meropenem
- Cephalosporin-resistant nosocomial bacteria
- Empirical treatment of serious infections in patients who recently received other b-lactams
- Imipenem (+ cilastatin), meropenem
- Aztreonam
- Antimicrobial activity more closely resembles AG's (only active against gram -)
- Enterobacter, pseudomonas, H. influenzae, gonococci
- Little allergic cross-reactivity with B-lactam antibiotics
- Antimicrobial activity more closely resembles AG's (only active against gram -)
Aminoglycosides
- Gentamicin, amikacin, streptomycin (either alone or with B-lactam)
- Serious gram-negative bacillary infections
- Ill patient with pyelonephritis
- Meningitis (due to Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter)
- Peritoneal Dialysis–Associated Peritonitis
- Bacterial endocarditis?
- Serious gram-negative bacillary infections
- Caution: Use in patients with Myasthenia Gravis, can precipitate crisis
Sulfonamides
- Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
- 1st line for uncomplicated lower UTI (especially chronic and recurrent infections)
- PCP pneumonia
- Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis
- Maxillary sinusitis
Fluoroquinolones
- UTI (2nd line)
- Prostatitis
- Chlamydia
- PID
- Traveler's diarrhea
Tetracyclines
- Mycoplasma
- Chlamydia
- PID (combined with cephalosporin)
- Epididymitis
- Anthrax
Macrolides
- Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Azithromycin
- Community-acquired PNA
- Mycoplasma
- Legionnaires' Disease
- Chlamydia (single dose)
- H. Pylori
- Traveler's diarrhea (children and pregnant women)
Clindamycin
- Drug of choice for lung abscess and anaerobic lung and pleural space infections
- Toxin-mediated disease, i.e. toxic shock syndrome (TSS)
Source
Goodman & Gilman's Pharmacology