Atrial fibrillation

Redirect to:

• Atrial fibrillation (main)

📊 CHA₂DS₂-VASc Calculator [show]

CHA₂DS₂-VASc Score

CHA₂DS₂-VASc Score Calculator

Criteria	No (0)	Yes
Congestive heart failure (or LVEF ≤40%)	1	(+1)
Hypertension	1	(+1)
Age ≥75 years	1	(+2)
Diabetes mellitus	1	(+1)
Stroke/TIA/thromboembolism	1	(+2)
Vascular disease (prior MI, PAD, aortic plaque)	1	(+1)
Age 65–74 years	1	(+1)
Sex category (female)	1	(+1)
CHA₂DS₂-VASc Score	/ 9

Interpretation
0	Low Risk — 0.2% annual stroke risk (males). Anticoagulation generally not recommended.
1	Low-Moderate Risk — 0.6% annual stroke risk (males). Consider anticoagulation (esp. if not due to female sex alone).
≥2	Moderate-High Risk — ≥2.2% annual stroke risk. Oral anticoagulation recommended.

References

Lip GY, Nieuwlaat R, Pisters R, et al. Refining clinical risk stratification for predicting stroke and thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation using a novel risk factor-based approach: the Euro Heart Survey on Atrial Fibrillation. Chest. 2010;137(2):263-272. PMID 19762550. January CT, Wann LS, Calkins H, et al. 2019 AHA/ACC/HRS Focused Update of the 2014 Guideline for Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;74(1):104-132. PMID 30703431.

📊 HAS-BLED Calculator [show]

HAS-BLED Score

HAS-BLED Score — Bleeding Risk

Criteria	No (0)	Yes (+1)
H — Hypertension (uncontrolled SBP >160)	1
A — Abnormal renal function (dialysis, transplant, Cr >2.26) and/or liver function (cirrhosis, bilirubin >2×, AST/ALT/ALP >3×)	1	(+1 each, max 2)
S — Prior stroke	1
B — Bleeding history/predisposition	1
L — Labile INR (unstable/high, TTR <60%)	1
E — Elderly (age >65)	1
D — Drugs (antiplatelets, NSAIDs) and/or alcohol (≥8 drinks/week)	1	(+1 each, max 2)
HAS-BLED Score	/ 9

Interpretation
0–2	Low-moderate risk — Relatively low bleeding risk. Anticoagulation generally recommended if indicated.
≥3	High risk — Consider modifiable risk factors (HTN, labile INR, drugs/alcohol). Score ≥3 does NOT contraindicate anticoagulation but warrants closer monitoring.

References
Pisters R, Lane DA, Nieuwlaat R, et al. A novel user-friendly score (HAS-BLED) to assess 1-year risk of major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation. Chest. 2010;138(5):1093-1100. PMID 20299623. Note: HAS-BLED ≥3 is NOT a contraindication to anticoagulation — it identifies patients who need closer follow-up and correction of modifiable risk factors.