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| <font size="150%">Beta-Lactams</font>
| | #REDIRECT[[Antibiotics (Main)]] |
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| * '''<font size="115%">Penicillin</font>'''
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| ** Strep Pharyngitis (including scarlet fever) Streptococcal Toxic Shock and Necrotizing Fascitis
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| *** Penicillin ''plus'' clindamycin (to decrease toxin synthesis)
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| ** Meningococcus Meningitis
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| ** Syphilis (Primary, 2ndary, and latent syphilis < 1 year duration)
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| ** Actinomycosis
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| ** Anthrax
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| ** Clostridial infections
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| ** Listeria
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| ** Pasteurella
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| * <font size="115%">'''Penicilinase-Resistant Penicillins'''</font>
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| ** Nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin
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| *** Agents of 1st choice for treatment of S. aureus and S. epidermidis that are not methicillin-reistant
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| * <font size="115%">'''Expanded-Spectrum Penicillins'''</font>
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| ** Ampicillin, amoxicillin (+ clavulanate)
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| *** Upper Respiratory Infections (due to S. pyogenes, S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae)
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| **** Sinusitis
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| **** Otitis media
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| **** Acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis
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| *** Listeria
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| * '''<font size="115%">Antipseudomonal Penicillins</font>'''
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| ** Piperacillin
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| *** Infection following burns
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| *** Neutropenia
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| * <font size="130%">'''1st Gen Cephalosporins'''</font>
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| ** Cefazolin, cephalexin
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| *** Skin and soft tissue infections (why is agent of choice before gen sx)
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| ** Cross-reactivity of PCN allergy 7% to 18%
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| * <font size="130%">'''2nd Gen Cephalosporins'''</font>
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| ** Cefuroxime
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| *** Intestinal anaerobes (why is agent of chioce for colorectal sx)
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| *** Largely displaced by 3rd gen agents
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| * <font size="130%">'''3rd Gen Cephalosporins'''</font>
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| ** Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime, Cefixime
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| *** Drug of choice for serious infections due to:
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| **** Klebsiella
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| **** Enterobacter
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| **** Proteus
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| **** Haemophilus
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| *** Gonorrhea
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| *** Lyme disease
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| *** Meningitis (+ vanc and ampicillin)
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| *** Pseudomonas meningitis (+ AG)
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| * <font size="130%">'''4th Gen Cephalosporins'''</font>
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| ** Cefepime
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| *** Resistant, nosocomial infections
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| * <font size="130%">'''Carbapenems'''</font>
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| ** Imipenem (+ cilastatin), meropenem
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| *** Cephalosporin-resistant nosocomial bacteria
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| *** Empirical treatment of serious infections in patients who recently received other b-lactams
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| *'''Aztreonam'''
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| ** Antimicrobial activity more closely resembles AGs (only active against gram -)
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| *** Enterobacter, pseudomonas, H. influenzae, gonococci
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| *** Little allergic cross-reactivity with B-lactam antibiotics
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| <font size="150%">Aminoglycosides</font>
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| * Gentamicin, amikacin, streptomycin (either alone or with B-lactam)
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| ** Serious gram-negative bacillary infections
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| *** Ill patient with pyelonephritis
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| *** Meningitis (due to Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter)
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| *** Peritoneal Dialysis–Associated Peritonitis
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| *** Bacterial endocarditis?
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| * Caution: Use in patients with Myasthenia Gravis, can precipitate crisis
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| <font size="150%">Sulfonamides</font>
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| * Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
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| ** 1st line for uncomplicated lower UTI (especially chronic and recurrent infections)
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| ** PCP pneumonia
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| ** Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis
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| ** Maxillary sinusitis
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| <font size="150%">Fluoroquinolones</font>
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| * UTI (2nd line)
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| * Prostatitis
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| * Chlamydia
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| * PID
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| * Traveler's diarrhea
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| <font size="150%">Tetracyclines</font>
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| * Mycoplasma
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| * Chlamydia
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| * PID (combined with cephalosporin)
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| * Epididymitis
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| * Anthrax
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| <font size="150%">Macrolides</font>
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| * Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Azithromycin
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| ** Community-acquired PNA
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| ** Mycoplasma
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| ** Legionnaires' Disease
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| ** Chlamydia (single dose)
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| ** H. Pylori
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| ** Traveler's diarrhea (children and pregnant women)
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| <font size="150%">Clindamycin</font>
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| * Drug of choice for lung abscess and anaerobic lung and pleural space infections
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| * Toxin-mediated disease, i.e. toxic shock syndrome (TSS)
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| Source: Goodman & Gilman's Pharmacology
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