Hypomagnesemia: Difference between revisions
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==Background== | ==Background== | ||
*[[ | *[[Hypokalemia]], [[Hypocalcemia]] and [[hypophosphatemia]] are often also present | ||
== | |||
==Clinical Features== | |||
*CNS | *CNS | ||
**Muscle weakness | **[[Muscle weakness]] | ||
**[[Ataxia]] | **[[Ataxia]] | ||
**[[Confusion]] | **[[Confusion]] | ||
**[[Seizures]] | **[[Seizures]] | ||
**Coma | **[[Coma]] | ||
*GI | *GI | ||
**Dysphagia | **[[Dysphagia]] | ||
*Cardiovascular | *Cardiovascular | ||
**[[CHF]] | **[[CHF]] | ||
**[[Dysrhythmias]] | **[[Dysrhythmias]] | ||
**Hypotension | **[[Hypotension]] | ||
*Miscellaneous | *Miscellaneous | ||
**[[Hypokalemia]] | **[[Hypokalemia]] | ||
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==Differential Diagnosis== | ==Differential Diagnosis== | ||
===Causes of hypomagnesemia=== | |||
*[[ETOH]] | |||
*[[Malnutrition]] | |||
*[[Cirrhosis]] | |||
*[[Pancreatitis]] | |||
*After [[DKA]] | |||
*GI loss (especially [[diarrhea]]) | |||
*Renal wasting | |||
**[[Furosemide]] | |||
**[[Hypophosphatemia]] | |||
*Type 2 [[diabetes mellitus]]<ref>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26696633 Gommers LM, Hoenderop JG, Bindels RJ, de Baaij JH. Hypomagnesemia in Type 2 Diabetes: A Vicious Circle? Diabetes. 2016 Jan;65(1):3-13.]</ref> | |||
==Evaluation== | |||
*Magnesium level | |||
*Also check: | |||
**Chemistry | |||
**Phosphate | |||
== | ==Management== | ||
*Serum level >1.7 | *Serum level >1.7 | ||
**No treatment | **No treatment | ||
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*Serum level <1.2 | *Serum level <1.2 | ||
**4g [[MgSO4]] IV over 2 hours | **4g [[MgSO4]] IV over 2 hours | ||
==Disposition== | |||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
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*[[Magnesium]] | *[[Magnesium]] | ||
== | ==External Links== | ||
==References== | |||
<references/> | |||
[[Category:FEN]] | [[Category:FEN]] | ||
Latest revision as of 22:06, 22 September 2016
Background
- Hypokalemia, Hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia are often also present
Clinical Features
- CNS
- GI
- Cardiovascular
- Miscellaneous
Differential Diagnosis
Causes of hypomagnesemia
- ETOH
- Malnutrition
- Cirrhosis
- Pancreatitis
- After DKA
- GI loss (especially diarrhea)
- Renal wasting
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus[1]
Evaluation
- Magnesium level
- Also check:
- Chemistry
- Phosphate
Management
- Serum level >1.7
- No treatment
- Serum level 1.2 - 1.7
- Serum level <1.2
- 4g MgSO4 IV over 2 hours