Allopurinol: Difference between revisions
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==Administration== | ==Administration== | ||
*Type: xanthine oxidase inhibitor | *Type: xanthine oxidase inhibitor | ||
*Dosage Forms: | *Dosage Forms: tablet, powder for injection | ||
*Routes of Administration: IV, PO | *Routes of Administration: IV, PO | ||
*Common Trade Names: Zyloprim | *Common Trade Names: Zyloprim, Aloprim | ||
==Adult Dosing== | ==Adult Dosing== | ||
*Gout, nephrolithiasis: 100-300mg PO 1-2 times daily | *[[Gout]], nephrolithiasis: 100-300mg PO 1-2 times daily | ||
*Tumor lysis syndrome/hyperuricemia in liquid malignancies: 200-800 mg PO or IV daily | *[[Tumor lysis syndrome]]/hyperuricemia in liquid malignancies: 200-800 mg PO or IV daily | ||
==Pediatric Dosing== | ==Pediatric Dosing== | ||
*<6yo: 150 mg PO daily for 2 to 3 days, then adjust dose for maintenance | *<6yo: 150 mg PO daily for 2 to 3 days, then adjust dose for maintenance | ||
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==Adverse Reactions== | ==Adverse Reactions== | ||
===Serious=== | ===Serious=== | ||
*Cardiac arrest, ventricular | *Cardiac arrest, ventricular fibrillation, heart failure | ||
*SJS/TEN | *SJS/TEN | ||
*Agranulocytosis, myelosuppression, aplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia, eosinophilia | *Agranulocytosis, myelosuppression, aplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia, eosinophilia | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
[[Category:Pharmacology]] | [[Category:Pharmacology]] [[Category:Rheumatology]] [[Category:Heme/Onc]] | ||
Latest revision as of 16:42, 19 September 2019
Administration
- Type: xanthine oxidase inhibitor
- Dosage Forms: tablet, powder for injection
- Routes of Administration: IV, PO
- Common Trade Names: Zyloprim, Aloprim
Adult Dosing
- Gout, nephrolithiasis: 100-300mg PO 1-2 times daily
- Tumor lysis syndrome/hyperuricemia in liquid malignancies: 200-800 mg PO or IV daily
Pediatric Dosing
- <6yo: 150 mg PO daily for 2 to 3 days, then adjust dose for maintenance
- >6yo: 300 mg PO daily for 2 to 3 days, then adjust dose for maintenance
- 200 mg/m(2)/day IV
Special Populations
- Pregnancy Rating: C
- Lactation risk: Infant risk minimal
Renal Dosing
- CrCl 10-20: 200 mg PO or IV daily
- CrCl 3-10: max daily dose 100 mg PO or IV
- CrCl <3: 100mg PO or IV at "extended intervals"
Hepatic Dosing
- No adjustment
Contraindications
- Allergy to class/drug
- Concomitant use with didanosine
Adverse Reactions
Serious
- Cardiac arrest, ventricular fibrillation, heart failure
- SJS/TEN
- Agranulocytosis, myelosuppression, aplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia, eosinophilia
- DIC
- Renal failure
- Respiratory distress
- Hepatotoxicity, granulomatous hepatitis
- Stroke, seizure
Common
- Nausea, vomiting
- Rash, pruritus
Pharmacology
- Half-life: 1-2 hours
- Metabolism: Hepatic
- Excretion: Renal
Mechanism of Action
- Inhibits xanthine oxidase (converts hypoxanthine/xanthine to uric acid), leading to decreased uric acid concentration