Dracunculiasis: Difference between revisions
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==Background== | ==Background== | ||
*Also known as Guinea Worm disease | *Also known as Guinea Worm disease | ||
*''Dracunculus medinensis'' | *Caused by ''Dracunculus medinensis'' - infection due to drinking contaminated water | ||
*Generally limited to central Africa | |||
**Effort underway to eradicate disease in endemic countries<ref name="Hopkins" /> | |||
==Clinical Features== | ==Clinical Features== | ||
*Adult worm migrates through subcutaneous tissues of the leg and erodes through skin | *Adult worm migrates through subcutaneous tissues of the leg and erodes through skin, approx 1 year after infection<ref name="Hopkins">Hopkins DR, Ruiz-Tiben E, Eberhard ML, Roy SL; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Progress toward global eradication of dracunculiasis--January 2013-June 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2014 Nov 21;63(46):1050-4.</ref> | ||
* | *Symptoms prior to eruption include: rash, intense pruritus, nausea, vomiting, dyspnea, and diarrhea | ||
==Differential Diagnosis== | ==Differential Diagnosis== | ||
{{Helminth Types}} | |||
== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
*Clinical diagnosis | |||
==Management== | ==Management== | ||
*Metronidazole 750 mg TID x 5-10 days OR thiabendazole 50-75 mg/day divided BID x 3 days | *Metronidazole 750 mg TID x 5-10 days '''OR''' thiabendazole 50-75 mg/day divided BID x 3 days | ||
*Must also extract adult worm from skin | *Must also extract adult worm from skin | ||
*Patients with active skin lesions should | *Patients with active skin lesions should avoid contact with potable water | ||
==Disposition== | ==Disposition== | ||
*Discharge | |||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
*[[ | *[[Helminth infections]] | ||
*[[ | *[[Parasitic diseases]] | ||
*[[ | *[[Travel medicine]] | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
[[Category:ID]] | [[Category:ID]] | ||
[[Category:TropMed]] | [[Category:TropMed]] | ||
Revision as of 11:05, 18 August 2015
Background
- Also known as Guinea Worm disease
- Caused by Dracunculus medinensis - infection due to drinking contaminated water
- Generally limited to central Africa
- Effort underway to eradicate disease in endemic countries[1]
Clinical Features
- Adult worm migrates through subcutaneous tissues of the leg and erodes through skin, approx 1 year after infection[1]
- Symptoms prior to eruption include: rash, intense pruritus, nausea, vomiting, dyspnea, and diarrhea
Differential Diagnosis
Helminth infections
Cestodes (Tapeworms)
- Taenia saginata
- Taenia solium (Cysticercosis)
- Diphyllobothrium latum
- Hymenolepis nana
- Echinococcus granulosus
Trematodes (Flukes)
- Fasciola hepatica
- Fasciolopsis buski
- Opistorchis viverrini
- Schistosoma spp
- Chlonorchis sinensis
- Paragonimus spp.
Nematodes (Roundworms)
- Ascaris lumbricoides
- Enterobius vermicularis (Pinworm)
- Filarial worms
- Hookworm
- Necator americanus
- Ancylostoma duodenale
- Cutaneous larva migrans (Ancylostoma braziliense)
- Dracunculiasis
- Strongyloides stercoralis
- Trichuris trichiura (Whipworm)
- Anisakis
- Toxocara spp.
- Trichinosis
Diagnosis
- Clinical diagnosis
Management
- Metronidazole 750 mg TID x 5-10 days OR thiabendazole 50-75 mg/day divided BID x 3 days
- Must also extract adult worm from skin
- Patients with active skin lesions should avoid contact with potable water
Disposition
- Discharge