Hepatitis E: Difference between revisions
ClaireLewis (talk | contribs) (Created page with "==Background== *Nonenveloped, RNA virus *Fecal-oral transmission ==Clinical Features== *Incubation period 2-10 weeks, usually 5-6 *Acute infection typically presents similar...") |
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*Nonenveloped, RNA virus | *Nonenveloped, RNA virus | ||
*Fecal-oral transmission | *Fecal-oral transmission | ||
*Common in Southeast Asia, but different genotypes found globally across Asia, Africa, Latin America<ref>Chaudhry SA et al. Hepatitis E infection during pregnancy. Can Fam Physician. 2015 Jul; 61(7): 607–608.</ref> | |||
==Clinical Features== | ==Clinical Features== | ||
[[File:Jaundice08.jpg|thumb|Jaundice of the skin]] | |||
[[File:Jaundice.jpg|thumb|Pediatric jaundice with icterus of sclera.]] | |||
*Incubation period 2-10 weeks, usually 5-6 | *Incubation period 2-10 weeks, usually 5-6 | ||
*Acute infection typically presents similar to [[hepatitis A]] | *Acute infection typically presents similar to [[hepatitis A]] | ||
**Prodrome of [[nausea/vomiting]], mild [[fever]], malaise, anorexia, [[pruritus]] | **Prodrome of [[nausea/vomiting]], mild [[fever]], malaise, anorexia, [[pruritus]] | ||
**[[Jaundice, dark urine/pale stools, [[RUQ pain]], hepatomegaly | **[[Jaundice]], dark urine/pale stools, [[RUQ pain]], [[hepatomegaly]] | ||
*[[Liver failure]] rare '''except''' in pregnant women | *[[Liver failure]] rare '''except''' in pregnant women | ||
**Pregnant women tend to have more severe disease, higher risk of fulminant hepatitis and liver failure, increased risk of fetal loss | **Pregnant women tend to have more severe disease, higher risk of fulminant hepatitis and liver failure, increased risk of fetal loss | ||
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==Evaluation== | ==Evaluation== | ||
[[File:Timecourse of acute hepatitis E infection.svg|thumb|Approximate time course of acute hepatitis E virus infection.]] | |||
===Workup=== | |||
*[[LFTs]] | *[[LFTs]] | ||
*INR | *INR | ||
**Coagulopathy correlates w/more severe liver dysfunction | **[[liver disease induced coagulopathy|Coagulopathy]] correlates w/more severe liver dysfunction | ||
*Acute hepatitis panel | *Acute hepatitis panel | ||
**Hep A Ab IgM | **Hep A Ab IgM | ||
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**Hep C Ab | **Hep C Ab | ||
===Diagnosis=== | |||
*Clinically indistinguishable from other viral hepatitides, no serologic test available<ref>https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/hev/hevfaq.htm#c1</ref> | |||
{{Acute hepatitis panel}} | |||
==Management== | ==Management== | ||
*Supportive | *Supportive | ||
**[[Antiemetics]] | **[[Antiemetics]] | ||
**Oral or IV hydration | **[[Oral rehydration therapy|Oral]] or [[IVF|IV hydration]] | ||
**Avoid hepatotoxic medications | **Avoid hepatotoxic medications | ||
*Patients with fulminant hepatic failure may be considered for liver transplant | *Patients with fulminant [[hepatic failure]] may be considered for liver transplant | ||
==Disposition== | ==Disposition== | ||
Latest revision as of 20:28, 28 February 2024
Background
- Nonenveloped, RNA virus
- Fecal-oral transmission
- Common in Southeast Asia, but different genotypes found globally across Asia, Africa, Latin America[1]
Clinical Features
- Incubation period 2-10 weeks, usually 5-6
- Acute infection typically presents similar to hepatitis A
- Prodrome of nausea/vomiting, mild fever, malaise, anorexia, pruritus
- Jaundice, dark urine/pale stools, RUQ pain, hepatomegaly
- Liver failure rare except in pregnant women
- Pregnant women tend to have more severe disease, higher risk of fulminant hepatitis and liver failure, increased risk of fetal loss
- Mortality of HEV infection in 3rd trimester: 20-25%[2]
Differential Diagnosis
Causes of acute hepatitis
- Acetaminophen toxicity (most common cause of acute liver failure in the US[3])
- Viral hepatitis
- Toxoplasmosis
- Acute alcoholic hepatitis
- Toxins
- Ischemic hepatitis
- Autoimmune hepatitis
- Wilson's disease
Evaluation
Workup
- LFTs
- INR
- Coagulopathy correlates w/more severe liver dysfunction
- Acute hepatitis panel
- Hep A Ab IgM
- Hep B cAb IgM
- Hep B sAg
- Hep B sAb
- Hep C Ab
Diagnosis
- Clinically indistinguishable from other viral hepatitides, no serologic test available[4]
Interpreting Acute Hepatitis Panel Results
| Anti-hepatitis A, IgM | Hepatitis B surface antigen | Anti-hepatitis B core, IgM | Anti-hepatitis C | Interpretation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Positive | Negative | Negative | Negative | Acute hepatitis A |
| Negative | Positive | Positive | Negative | Acute hepatitis B |
| Negative | Positive | Negative | Negative | Chronic hepatitis B infection |
| Negative | Negative | Positive | Negative | Acute hepatitis B; quantity of hepatitis B surface antigen is too low to detect |
| Negative | Negative | Negative | Positive | Acute or chronic hepatitis C; additional tests are required to make the determination |
Management
- Supportive
- Antiemetics
- Oral or IV hydration
- Avoid hepatotoxic medications
- Patients with fulminant hepatic failure may be considered for liver transplant
Disposition
- Typically discharge, admit if:
- Pregnant
- INR >2
- Unable to tolerate PO
- Intractable pain
- Bilirubin >30
- Hypoglycemia
- Significant comorbidity/immunocompromised
See Also
External Links
References
- ↑ Chaudhry SA et al. Hepatitis E infection during pregnancy. Can Fam Physician. 2015 Jul; 61(7): 607–608.
- ↑ WHO fact sheet https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-e
- ↑ Ostapowicz G, Fontana RJ, Schiodt FV, et al. Results of a prospective study of acute liver failure at 17 tertiary care centers in the United States. Ann Intern Med. 2002 Dec 17; 137(12): 947-54.
- ↑ https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/hev/hevfaq.htm#c1