Template:Back pain red flags: Difference between revisions
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===Red Flag Symptoms of Low Back Pain <ref>Depalma. Red flags of low back pain. JAAPA. 2020;33(8):8. doi:10.1097/01.JAA.0000684112.91641.4c</ref>=== | |||
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| Age under 18 years || Congenital abnormality | | Age under 18 years || Congenital abnormality | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Age over 50 years || Fracture, malignancy | | Age over 50 years || [[Vertebral fractures and dislocations|Fracture]], malignancy | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Anticoagulant use || Spinal hematoma | | Anticoagulant use || [[Spinal hematoma]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Fever || Infection, malignancy | | Fever || Infection, malignancy | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Genitourinary issues including urinary retention/incontinence or sexual dysfunction || Cauda equina syndrome | | Genitourinary issues including urinary retention/incontinence or sexual dysfunction || [[Cauda equina syndrome]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Immunocompromised || Fracture, infection | | Immunocompromised || [[Vertebral fractures and dislocations|Fracture]], infection | ||
|- | |- | ||
| IV drug use || Infection | | IV drug use || Infection | ||
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| Recent spinal surgery or epidural injection || Infection, spinal hematoma | | Recent spinal surgery or epidural injection || Infection, spinal hematoma | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Trauma || Fracture, spinal hematoma | | Trauma || [[Vertebral fractures and dislocations|Fracture]], [[spinal hematoma]] | ||
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| Reduced anal sphincter tone || [[Cauda equina syndrome]] | | Reduced anal sphincter tone || [[Cauda equina syndrome]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Hyperreflexia || Acute cord compression | | Hyperreflexia || [[Acute cord compression]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Hyporeflexia/areflexia || [[Cauda equina syndrome]] | | Hyporeflexia/areflexia || [[Cauda equina syndrome]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Lower extremity muscle weakness || Acute cord compression or [[Cauda equina syndrome]] | | Lower extremity muscle weakness || [[Acute cord compression]] or [[Cauda equina syndrome]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Saddle paresthesia/anesthesia || [[Cauda equina syndrome]] | | Saddle paresthesia/anesthesia || [[Cauda equina syndrome]] | ||
Latest revision as of 15:57, 12 April 2023
Back Pain Risk factors and probability of Fracture or Malignancy[1]
| Factor | Post Test Probability (95%CI) |
| Older Age (>65yo) | 9% (3-25%) |
| Prolonged corticosteroid | 33% (10-67%) |
| Severe trauma | 11% (8-16%) |
| Presence of contusion or abrasion | 62% (49-74%) |
| Multiple red flags | 90% (34-99%) |
| History of malignancy | 33% (22-46%) |
Red Flag Symptoms of Low Back Pain [2]
| Symptoms | Corresponding Pathology |
|---|---|
| Age under 18 years | Congenital abnormality |
| Age over 50 years | Fracture, malignancy |
| Anticoagulant use | Spinal hematoma |
| Fever | Infection, malignancy |
| Genitourinary issues including urinary retention/incontinence or sexual dysfunction | Cauda equina syndrome |
| Immunocompromised | Fracture, infection |
| IV drug use | Infection |
| Recent spinal surgery or epidural injection | Infection, spinal hematoma |
| Trauma | Fracture, spinal hematoma |
Red Flag Signs of Low Back Pain[3]
| Signs | Corresponding Pathology |
|---|---|
| Reduced anal sphincter tone | Cauda equina syndrome |
| Hyperreflexia | Acute cord compression |
| Hyporeflexia/areflexia | Cauda equina syndrome |
| Lower extremity muscle weakness | Acute cord compression or Cauda equina syndrome |
| Saddle paresthesia/anesthesia | Cauda equina syndrome |
| Absent or decreased bulbocavernosus reflex | Cauda equina syndrome |
- ↑ Downie A, et al. Red flags to screen for malignancy and fracture in patients with low back pain: systematic review. BMJ. 2013; 347:f7095. [1]
- ↑ Depalma. Red flags of low back pain. JAAPA. 2020;33(8):8. doi:10.1097/01.JAA.0000684112.91641.4c
- ↑ Depalma. Red flags of low back pain. JAAPA. 2020;33(8):8. doi:10.1097/01.JAA.0000684112.91641.4c