Harbor:Non-Occupational Exposure

General Guidelines

• SART candidate if within 96 hours (5d), authorized by law enforcement
• Call LASD to report and find out what PD precinct needs to come take report
• LASD is your liaison to interact with outside law enforcement
• Call social work consult
• Consult SCAN if patient 17yo and younger
  • 12yo or older can consent to exam, otherwise parent/guardian consents
  • Still need to get pediatric patient to assent/agree to exam
• Psych or disabled patients complicated, work with SART staff/SW
• Forensic Nurse Specialist (SART Staff) available 24/7 at (562) 497-0147 if any questions/issues
• Draw labs and STI testing in ED
  • CCC for lab f/u and bridge to PCP if DHS and doesn't have a PCP
  • Outside HIV clinics or OOP network PCP
  • Pediatric patients can utilize HUB clinic for f/u
• Consider STI prophylaxis, Plan B, Hep B and HPV vaccines, PEP prophylaxis within 72 hours
  • Can give limited supply of PEP to go and also Rx (call ED pharmacist)
• Preserve evidence - external GU exams only heck for hemorrhage, obtain dirty catch UA, NPO if oral trauma, clothes in brown paper bag (not plastic which can degrade DNA, promote bacterial contamination), patient shouldn't wash up, document patient history in quotes
  • If patient already ate/drank, then doesn't need to be NPO
  • If patient is NPO, give Rx for oral medications to take later after SART
• Discharging
  • Give patient copy of labs
  • Transportation issues - talk to SW and law enforcement
    • Law enforcement usually transports to SART
    • Might get law enforcement transport home if w/in the area.
    • Offer transportation with SW if needed
  • Refer to Trauma Recovery Center
• SART does not do labs, can give Plan B and STI prophylaxis only. Does not do PEP or medical work up.
  • Case by case basis can come to hospital for exam
  • Prefer that patient's go there for 4 hour exam and evidence collection

• Stats on Risk: https://www.wikem.org/wiki/HIV_post-exposure_prophylaxis
• CDC Information: http://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/38856.

Harbor ED Policy

• DHS Expected Practice for Non-occupational Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (nPEP) for HIV Prevention in Adults and Adolescents age ≥13 File:Non-occupational Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (nPEP) for HIV Prevention in Adults and Adolescents Expected Practice.pdf
• LA County Public Health HIV PEP Recommendations: https://www.wikem.org/wiki/File:SART_-_Public_Health_HIV_PEP.pdf
• Harbor Sexual Assault algorithm and resources: Harbor:Sexual assault
  • Harbor - Detailed "How to" for SART Team: https://www.wikem.org/wiki/File:SART_ED_Protocol_Recommendations.pdf
    • Preserve all evidence (skin, urine, clothing) and protect chain of custody; address any life-threatening emergencies as appropriate!
    • Limit detailed documentation of described events to avoid future discrepancies
    • Closest SART Center is in San Pedro. Call sheriffs at Harbor to speak to patient, they will determine precinct in which even happened and contact that local precinct to interview patient and determine if patients meets SART criteria.
    • Forensic Nurse Specialist (SART Staff) available 24/7 at (562) 497-0147
      • Los Angeles SART Centers: https://www.wikem.org/wiki/File:SART_Centers.pdf
      • OLD Resource of SART list https://emedharbor.labiomed.org/private/Contact%20Info/ED%20Documents/Sexual%20Assault%20Protocol.pdf

• High-risk HIV exposure: shared needles with HIV+ person, or partner or assailant in the case of sexual assault has unknown HIV status, is known HIV+ or highly likely to be HIV+ with a high viral load and the sexual activity was associated with a high risk of transmission, e.g., receptive anal intercourse, sexual assault with vaginal trauma, occurring within the prior 72 hours.
  • Sexual assault victims should be offered Tenofovir/Emtricitabine (Truvada) 200/300 mg daily plus Raltegravir 400 mg BID and should be referred immediately to a SART center for STI testing and prophylaxis. Can consider offering Plan B contraception if patient is not NPO for evidence collection.
    • If the patient meets these criteria, then first dose of non-occupational PEP gave be given in ED. We are working on a process to give patient's 48 hours of medications to go home with to tie them over until they can get the 28d course needed from a PEP center.
    • For a patient that seeks post-sexual-exposure/non-occupational HIV prophylaxis (nPEP), the patient should also be referred to a PEP center http://getprepla.com/PEP/Get-PEP-Now/ to obtain the additional medications and follow up labs, such as the Los Angeles LGBT Center. The LA LGBT Gay and Lesbian Center has a program for post-exposure prophylaxis in a number of specific circumstances; patients can be referred within 72 hours of an exposure. Their hours are Mon-Friday 11am-6pm (telephone number is 323-860-5855, and their website is https://lalgbtcenter.org/post-exposure-prophylaxis).
    • If you happen to see a patient who meets the criteria above, then a baseline rapid HIV should be sent to make sure the patient is not already infected, in additional CBC, BMP, LFTs, Hep screen (Hep A IgG, Hep B sAg, sAb, cAb, and Hep C Ab), needs to be sent. Tenofovir DF is contraindicated in patients with renal dysfunction (creatinine clearance ≤59 mL/min). For these cases, please consult the HIV or infectious disease team at your site, or the National Clinical Consultations Center’s PEPline at (888) 448-4911

See Also

• Harbor:Main
• Harbor:Sexual assault