Atovaquone: Difference between revisions
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==Administration== | ==Administration== | ||
*Type: Antimicrobial (active against [[Pneumocystis jirovecii]], [[Babesiosis]], [[Toxoplasmosis]], [[Malaria]]) | *Type: Antimicrobial (active against [[Pneumocystis jirovecii]], [[Babesiosis]], [[Toxoplasmosis]], [[Malaria]]) | ||
*Dosage Forms: | *Dosage Forms: tablet, oral suspion | ||
*Routes of Administration: | *Dosage Strengths: tablet: 250mg; oral suspension: 750mg/5mL | ||
*Common Trade Names: | *Routes of Administration: PO | ||
*Common Trade Names: Mepron | |||
==Adult Dosing== | ==Adult Dosing== | ||
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==Pharmacology== | ==Pharmacology== | ||
*Half-life: 2.2-3.2 days | *Half-life: 2.2-3.2 days | ||
*Metabolism: | *Metabolism: undergoes enterohepatic recirculation | ||
*Excretion: Fecal | *Excretion: Fecal | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
[[Category:Pharmacology]] | [[Category:Pharmacology]] [[Category:ID]] | ||
Latest revision as of 20:17, 19 September 2019
Administration
- Type: Antimicrobial (active against Pneumocystis jirovecii, Babesiosis, Toxoplasmosis, Malaria)
- Dosage Forms: tablet, oral suspion
- Dosage Strengths: tablet: 250mg; oral suspension: 750mg/5mL
- Routes of Administration: PO
- Common Trade Names: Mepron
Adult Dosing
- Babesiosis: 750mg PO q12h + azithromycin
- Toxoplasma encephalitis, HIV+: 1500mg daily + leucovorin +/- pyrimethamine
- PCP pneumonia (2nd line): 1500mg daily
- Malaria prophylaxis:
Pediatric Dosing
- Babesiosis: 20mg/kg q12h (max 750mg/dose) + azithromycin
- PCP pneumonia (2nd line)
- >13yo, HIV- : 1500mg daily
- Adolescents, HIV+: 1500mg daily +/- leucovorin, +/- pyrimethamine
- 1-3mo, 2-13yo, HIV+: 30 mg/kg PO daily
- 4-24mo, HIV+: 45mg/kg PO daily
- Malaria prophylaxis: 250mg + 100mg proguanil daily
- Malaria falciparum/vivax treatment: 1000mg + proguanil 400mg daily
Special Populations
- Pregnancy Rating: C
- Lactation risk: Infant risk cannot be ruled out
- Renal dosing: atovaquone/proguanil contraindicated in severe renal failure for malaria prophylaxis, otherwise no adjustment
- Hepatic dosing: no adjustment
Contraindications
- Allergy to class/drug
Adverse Reactions
Serious
- SJS, erythema multiforme
- Methemoglobinemia
- Hepatitis, liver failure
Common
- Nausea/vomiting, diarrhea
- Rash
- Headache, insomnia
- Fever
- Cough, rhinitis
Pharmacology
- Half-life: 2.2-3.2 days
- Metabolism: undergoes enterohepatic recirculation
- Excretion: Fecal
Mechanism of Action
- Unclear mechanism; structurally similar to ubiquonone, which inhibits cytochromal electron transport in Plasmodia species