Ultrasound (main)

Gallbladder

• GB wall is normally <3-4mm
  • Measure the ant wall with a short-axis view
  • Causes:
    • 1. Acute cholecystitis
    • 2. Ascites
    • 3. CHF
• CBD
  • Measure from inner to inner
  • Normal is up to 4mm to age 40 (add 1mm per decade thereafter)
• Acalculous cholecystitis
  • GB is >10cm long & >4 cm wide

FAST

• Always point dot to pt Rt (usu at 45 degrees) or @ pt head
• Morrison's Pouch
  • Best seen w/ probe around mid ax to ant ax line (esp w/ pt in trendelenberg)
• Splenorenal
  • Place probe in post ax line

AAA

• Measure outer wall to outer wall from diaphragm to bifurcation
  • Will avoid being fooled by an intramural thrombus
  • Scan in both transverse and longitudinal axes
  • Normal is <3cm

Cardiac

• Normal aortic root is <3.8 cm (parasternal view w/ dot pointing to Lt arm)

IVC

• Measure at IVC/RA junction

IVC	% Collapse during inspiration	CVP
<1.5cm	>50%	0-5
1.5-2.5cm	>50%	5-10
1.5-2.5cm	<50%	10-15
>2.5cm	Little phasicity	15-20

Renal

• Is there hydronephrosis?
  • Unilateral or bilateral?
• Is there fluid around the kidney?
• Is the bladder distended?
• Are stones seen?
• Is the aorta normal?

Pelvic

• Definite IUP = gestational sac containing yolk sac
  • Occurs ~5th week

Ocular

• Optic Nerve
  • Measure 3mm posterior to the globe
  • Normal is <5mm

Source

Sonoguide