Ultrasound: Probe orientation: Difference between revisions

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''Transducers:'''<br />
==Transducers==
*Increasing frequency improves resolution but decreases penetration
**Low-frequency transducer''s: deep structures
**High-frequency transducers''': superficial structures


Increasing frequency improves resolution but decreases penetration<br />
===Transducer types===
*Curvilinear: large “footprint”,  best resolution centralized
*Use for abdominal, FAST exam
*Phased array: all waves originate from a single point. used to view deep structures.
**Use for smaller spaces (between ribs, to look at lungs, heart, etc.)
**Use if available for Cardiac
*Linear: no array of waves, waves are spread out evenly. used to view superficial structures
**Use for soft tissue, vascular access, musculoskeletal, lungs


'' Low-frequency transducer''s: deep structures<br />
===Frequency===
*Each transducer has a range of frequencies. You can select higher or lower frequency for each probe
on the ultrasound machine.
*RES = Resolution = Highest end of the probe’s frequency range
**Better Picture, lower penetration
*PEN = Penetration = Lowest end of the probe’s frequency range
**Higher penetration, worse picture
*GEN = General = Middle of the probe’s frequency range


'' High-frequency transducers''': superficial structures<br />
===Transducer indicator and orientation===
 
*Sagittal: indicator to patient’s head.  Probe placed vertically along body to create a sagittal view with probe marker pointing to patient's head<br />
 
*Transverse: indicator to patient’s right. Probe placed across body right to left to create an axial view with probe marker pointing to patient's right<br />
o Transducer types:<br />
*Coronal: indicator to patient’s head, but probe on lateral side of body.  Top of screen is lateral, bottom is medial<br />
 
 Curvilinear: large “footprint”,  best resolution centralized<br />
 
 Use for abdominal, FAST exam
 
 
 Phased array: all waves originate from a single point. used to view deep structures. <br />
 
 Use for smaller spaces (between ribs, to look at lungs, heart, etc.)<br />
 
 Use if available for Cardiac<br />
 
 
 Linear: no array of waves, waves are spread out evenly. used to view superficial structures<br />
 
 Use for soft tissue, vascular access, musculoskeletal, lungs<br />
 
 
o Frequency
 Each transducer has a range of frequencies. You can select higher or lower frequency for each probe
on the ultrasound machine.<br />
 
 RES = Resolution = Highest end of the probe’s frequency range<br />
 
 Better Picture, lower penetration<br />
 
 PEN = Penetration = Lowest end of the probe’s frequency range<br />
 
 Higher penetration, worse picture<br />
 
 GEN = General = Middle of the probe’s frequency range<br />
 
 
o Transducer indicator and orientation:<br />
 
Sagittal: indicator to patient’s head.  Probe placed vertically along body to create a sagittal view with probe marker pointing to patient's head<br />
 
Transverse: indicator to patient’s right. Probe placed across body right to left to create an axial view with probe marker pointing to patient's right<br />
 
Coronal: indicator to patient’s head, but probe on lateral side of body.  Top of screen is lateral, bottom is medial<br />
 
 
o Artifacts: images on ultrasound that ARE NOT REAL.<br />
 
 High-attenuation: Objects decrease the sound wave A shadow results behind a high-attenuating object.This makes the objects behind less visible<br />
 
 Low-attenuation: sound passes through object very easily. Low-attenuating tissue causes everything behind it to appear HYPERechoic or more visible<br />
 
 Mirror image: sound bounces off diaphragm, returning to trasnducer with a longer time of flight. Machine interprets this as more liver tissue across the diaphragm. A mirror image of the liver or spleen across the diaphragm is normal<br />


==Artifacts==
''Images on ultrasound that ARE NOT REAL.''
*High-attenuation: Objects decrease the sound wave
**A shadow results behind a high-attenuating object.This makes the objects behind less visible
*Low-attenuation: sound passes through object very easily.
**Low-attenuating tissue causes everything behind it to appear HYPERechoic or more visible<br />
*Mirror image: sound bounces off diaphragm, returning to trasnducer with a longer time of flight. Machine interprets this as more liver tissue across the diaphragm. A mirror image of the liver or spleen across the diaphragm is normal


==See Also==
==See Also==

Revision as of 12:50, 24 September 2017

Transducers

  • Increasing frequency improves resolution but decreases penetration
    • Low-frequency transducers: deep structures
    • High-frequency transducers: superficial structures

Transducer types

  • Curvilinear: large “footprint”,  best resolution centralized
  • Use for abdominal, FAST exam
  • Phased array: all waves originate from a single point. used to view deep structures.
    • Use for smaller spaces (between ribs, to look at lungs, heart, etc.)
    • Use if available for Cardiac
  • Linear: no array of waves, waves are spread out evenly. used to view superficial structures
    • Use for soft tissue, vascular access, musculoskeletal, lungs

Frequency

  • Each transducer has a range of frequencies. You can select higher or lower frequency for each probe

on the ultrasound machine.

  • RES = Resolution = Highest end of the probe’s frequency range
    • Better Picture, lower penetration
  • PEN = Penetration = Lowest end of the probe’s frequency range
    • Higher penetration, worse picture
  • GEN = General = Middle of the probe’s frequency range

Transducer indicator and orientation

  • Sagittal: indicator to patient’s head. Probe placed vertically along body to create a sagittal view with probe marker pointing to patient's head
  • Transverse: indicator to patient’s right. Probe placed across body right to left to create an axial view with probe marker pointing to patient's right
  • Coronal: indicator to patient’s head, but probe on lateral side of body. Top of screen is lateral, bottom is medial

Artifacts

Images on ultrasound that ARE NOT REAL.

  • High-attenuation: Objects decrease the sound wave
    • A shadow results behind a high-attenuating object.This makes the objects behind less visible
  • Low-attenuation: sound passes through object very easily.
    • Low-attenuating tissue causes everything behind it to appear HYPERechoic or more visible
  • Mirror image: sound bounces off diaphragm, returning to trasnducer with a longer time of flight. Machine interprets this as more liver tissue across the diaphragm. A mirror image of the liver or spleen across the diaphragm is normal

See Also

References

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