Rectal prolapse - Revision history

Ostermayer: Prepared the page for translation

2026-01-04T23:56:10Z

Prepared the page for translation

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:56, 4 January 2026
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			<languages/>
			<translate>

	==Background==		==Background==

	[[File:Rectum anatomy en.png\|thumb\|Anatomy of the anus and rectum.]]		[[File:Rectum anatomy en.png\|thumb\|Anatomy of the anus and rectum.]]
	[[File:Internalrectalintussusceptionexternalrectalprolapse.jpg\|thumb\|Internal rectal [[intussusception]] (A) vs external (complete) [[rectal prolapse]] (B).]]		[[File:Internalrectalintussusceptionexternalrectalprolapse.jpg\|thumb\|Internal rectal [[Special:MyLanguage/intussusception\|intussusception]] (A) vs external (complete) [[Special:MyLanguage/rectal prolapse\|rectal prolapse]] (B).]]
	*Circumferential protrusion of part or all layers of the rectum through the anal canal		*Circumferential protrusion of part or all layers of the rectum through the anal canal
	*Complications are rare and include bleeding and ulceration		*Complications are rare and include bleeding and ulceration


	===Risk factors===		===Risk factors===

	*Extremes of age		*Extremes of age
	*Chronic [[constipation]]		*Chronic [[Special:MyLanguage/constipation\|constipation]]


	==Clinical Features==		==Clinical Features==

	[[File:Full thickness rectal prolapse & mucosal prolapse..jpg\|thumb\|A. full thickness external rectal prolapse, and B. mucosal prolapse. Note circumferential arrangement of folds in full thickness prolapse compared to radial folds in mucosal prolapse.]]		[[File:Full thickness rectal prolapse & mucosal prolapse..jpg\|thumb\|A. full thickness external rectal prolapse, and B. mucosal prolapse. Note circumferential arrangement of folds in full thickness prolapse compared to radial folds in mucosal prolapse.]]
	[[File:Rectal prolaps.jpg\|thumb\|Complete (external) rectal prolapse. Note circumferential arrangement of mucosal folds.]]		[[File:Rectal prolaps.jpg\|thumb\|Complete (external) rectal prolapse. Note circumferential arrangement of mucosal folds.]]
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	*Painful defecation (36%)		*Painful defecation (36%)
	*Fecal incontinence (38.7%)		*Fecal incontinence (38.7%)
	*[[Rectal bleeding]] (25.3%)		*[[Special:MyLanguage/Rectal bleeding\|Rectal bleeding]] (25.3%)
	*[[Constipation]] (25.3%)		*[[Special:MyLanguage/Constipation\|Constipation]] (25.3%)
	*Rectal ulcer (8%)		*Rectal ulcer (8%)

	:''Patients may mistake prolapsed mucosa for hemorrhoids''		:''Patients may mistake prolapsed mucosa for hemorrhoids''


	==Differential Diagnosis==		==Differential Diagnosis==

			</translate>
	{{Anorectal DDX}}		{{Anorectal DDX}}
			<translate>


	==Evaluation==		==Evaluation==

	*Clinical diagnosis		*Clinical diagnosis


	===Types===		===Types===

	#Prolapse involving the rectal mucosa only		#Prolapse involving the rectal mucosa only
	#*Rarely protrudes more than 2 to 3 cm beyond the anal verge		#*Rarely protrudes more than 2 to 3 cm beyond the anal verge
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	#*Sulcus may be palpated between the extruded bowel and anus		#*Sulcus may be palpated between the extruded bowel and anus
	#Intussusception of upper rectum into and through the lower rectum		#Intussusception of upper rectum into and through the lower rectum


	==Management==		==Management==


	===Children===		===Children===

	*Reduce via slow steady pressure applied to prolapsed segment		*Reduce via slow steady pressure applied to prolapsed segment
	*Prevent constipation		*Prevent constipation
	*Refer for evaluation of underlying condition ([[cystic fibrosis\|CF]], pelvic floor weakness, [[diarrhea]])		*Refer for evaluation of underlying condition ([[Special:MyLanguage/cystic fibrosis\|CF]], pelvic floor weakness, [[Special:MyLanguage/diarrhea\|diarrhea]])


	===Adults===		===Adults===

	*Reduction		*Reduction
	**Thumbs over luminal surfaces medially and fingers grasp outer walls laterally		**Thumbs over luminal surfaces medially and fingers grasp outer walls laterally
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	*Difficult reduction		*Difficult reduction
	**Prolonged prolapse may lead to rectal wall edema		**Prolonged prolapse may lead to rectal wall edema
	**Adequate [[sedation]] and [[analgesia]] is key to successful reduction		**Adequate [[Special:MyLanguage/sedation\|sedation]] and [[Special:MyLanguage/analgesia\|analgesia]] is key to successful reduction
	***Can incorporate a [[perianal block]] in certain cases		***Can incorporate a [[Special:MyLanguage/perianal block\|perianal block]] in certain cases
	**Can place granulated sugar (not synthetic sweeteners) over prolapsed rectum		**Can place granulated sugar (not synthetic sweeteners) over prolapsed rectum
	***Wait 15 min for edema to subside and re-attempt		***Wait 15 min for edema to subside and re-attempt
	*Failed reduction		*Failed reduction
	**Obtain emergent surgical consultation		**Obtain emergent surgical consultation


	==Disposition==		==Disposition==

	*Discharge		*Discharge
	*Refer all patients for colonoscopy and surgeon for consideration of repair		*Refer all patients for colonoscopy and surgeon for consideration of repair


	==See Also==		==See Also==
	*[[Anorectal disorders]]
			*[[Special:MyLanguage/Anorectal disorders\|Anorectal disorders]]


	==References==		==References==

	<references/>		<references/>

	[[Category:GI]]		[[Category:GI]]
			</translate>

Rossdonaldson1: /* Background */

2021-07-07T21:49:31Z

Background

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:49, 7 July 2021
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	==Background==		==Background==
			[[File:Rectum anatomy en.png\|thumb\|Anatomy of the anus and rectum.]]
	[[File:Internalrectalintussusceptionexternalrectalprolapse.jpg\|thumb\|Internal rectal [[intussusception]] (A) vs external (complete) [[rectal prolapse]] (B).]]		[[File:Internalrectalintussusceptionexternalrectalprolapse.jpg\|thumb\|Internal rectal [[intussusception]] (A) vs external (complete) [[rectal prolapse]] (B).]]
	*Circumferential protrusion of part or all layers of the rectum through the anal canal		*Circumferential protrusion of part or all layers of the rectum through the anal canal

Rossdonaldson1 at 21:41, 7 July 2021

2021-07-07T21:41:48Z

@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 *Extremes of age
 *Chronic [[constipation]]
 ==Clinical Features==
@@ Line 40: / Line 26: @@
 ==Evaluation==
 *Clinical diagnosis
 ==Management==

Rossdonaldson1: /* Clinical Features */

2021-07-07T21:41:01Z

Clinical Features

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:41, 7 July 2021
Line 24:		Line 24:
	==Clinical Features==		==Clinical Features==
	[[File:Full thickness rectal prolapse & mucosal prolapse..jpg\|thumb\|A. full thickness external rectal prolapse, and B. mucosal prolapse. Note circumferential arrangement of folds in full thickness prolapse compared to radial folds in mucosal prolapse.]]		[[File:Full thickness rectal prolapse & mucosal prolapse..jpg\|thumb\|A. full thickness external rectal prolapse, and B. mucosal prolapse. Note circumferential arrangement of folds in full thickness prolapse compared to radial folds in mucosal prolapse.]]
	[[File:Rectal prolaps.jpg\|thumb]]		[[File:Rectal prolaps.jpg\|thumb\|Complete (external) rectal prolapse. Note circumferential arrangement of mucosal folds.]]
	Most frequent complaint at the time of clinical presentation:<ref>Hammond K, et al. Rectal Prolapse: A 10-Year Experience. J. 2007 Spring; 7(1): 24–32. PMCID: PMC3096348</ref>		Most frequent complaint at the time of clinical presentation:<ref>Hammond K, et al. Rectal Prolapse: A 10-Year Experience. J. 2007 Spring; 7(1): 24–32. PMCID: PMC3096348</ref>
	*Sensation of a protruding rectal mass (98.7%)		*Sensation of a protruding rectal mass (98.7%)

Rossdonaldson1: /* Clinical Features */

2021-07-07T21:40:20Z

Clinical Features

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:40, 7 July 2021
Line 24:		Line 24:
	==Clinical Features==		==Clinical Features==
	[[File:Full thickness rectal prolapse & mucosal prolapse..jpg\|thumb\|A. full thickness external rectal prolapse, and B. mucosal prolapse. Note circumferential arrangement of folds in full thickness prolapse compared to radial folds in mucosal prolapse.]]		[[File:Full thickness rectal prolapse & mucosal prolapse..jpg\|thumb\|A. full thickness external rectal prolapse, and B. mucosal prolapse. Note circumferential arrangement of folds in full thickness prolapse compared to radial folds in mucosal prolapse.]]
			[[File:Rectal prolaps.jpg\|thumb]]
	Most frequent complaint at the time of clinical presentation:<ref>Hammond K, et al. Rectal Prolapse: A 10-Year Experience. J. 2007 Spring; 7(1): 24–32. PMCID: PMC3096348</ref>		Most frequent complaint at the time of clinical presentation:<ref>Hammond K, et al. Rectal Prolapse: A 10-Year Experience. J. 2007 Spring; 7(1): 24–32. PMCID: PMC3096348</ref>
	*Sensation of a protruding rectal mass (98.7%)		*Sensation of a protruding rectal mass (98.7%)

Rossdonaldson1: /* Background */

2021-07-07T21:38:58Z

Background

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:38, 7 July 2021
Line 1:		Line 1:
	==Background==		==Background==
			[[File:Internalrectalintussusceptionexternalrectalprolapse.jpg\|thumb\|Internal rectal [[intussusception]] (A) vs external (complete) [[rectal prolapse]] (B).]]
	*Circumferential protrusion of part or all layers of the rectum through the anal canal		*Circumferential protrusion of part or all layers of the rectum through the anal canal
	*Complications are rare and include bleeding and ulceration		*Complications are rare and include bleeding and ulceration

Rossdonaldson1: /* Clinical Features */

2021-07-07T21:37:05Z

Clinical Features

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:37, 7 July 2021
Line 22:		Line 22:

	==Clinical Features==		==Clinical Features==
			[[File:Full thickness rectal prolapse & mucosal prolapse..jpg\|thumb\|A. full thickness external rectal prolapse, and B. mucosal prolapse. Note circumferential arrangement of folds in full thickness prolapse compared to radial folds in mucosal prolapse.]]
	Most frequent complaint at the time of clinical presentation:<ref>Hammond K, et al. Rectal Prolapse: A 10-Year Experience. J. 2007 Spring; 7(1): 24–32. PMCID: PMC3096348</ref>		Most frequent complaint at the time of clinical presentation:<ref>Hammond K, et al. Rectal Prolapse: A 10-Year Experience. J. 2007 Spring; 7(1): 24–32. PMCID: PMC3096348</ref>
	*Sensation of a protruding rectal mass (98.7%)		*Sensation of a protruding rectal mass (98.7%)

ClaireLewis at 00:05, 30 September 2019

2019-09-30T00:05:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:05, 30 September 2019
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	===Risk factors===		===Risk factors===
	*Extremes of age		*Extremes of age
	*Chronic constipation		*Chronic [[constipation]]

	===Types===		===Types===
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	*Reduce via slow steady pressure applied to prolapsed segment		*Reduce via slow steady pressure applied to prolapsed segment
	*Prevent constipation		*Prevent constipation
	*Refer for evaluation of underlying condition (CF, pelvic floor weakness, diarrhea)		*Refer for evaluation of underlying condition ([[cystic fibrosis\|CF]], pelvic floor weakness, [[diarrhea]])

	===Adults===		===Adults===

ClaireLewis at 04:18, 24 September 2019

2019-09-24T04:18:58Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:18, 24 September 2019
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	*Painful defecation (36%)		*Painful defecation (36%)
	*Fecal incontinence (38.7%)		*Fecal incontinence (38.7%)
	*Rectal bleeding (25.3%)		*[[Rectal bleeding]] (25.3%)
	*Constipation (25.3%)		*[[Constipation]] (25.3%)
	*Rectal ulcer (8%)		*Rectal ulcer (8%)

Line 51:		Line 51:
	*Difficult reduction		*Difficult reduction
	**Prolonged prolapse may lead to rectal wall edema		**Prolonged prolapse may lead to rectal wall edema
	**Adequate sedation and analgesia is key to successful reduction		**Adequate [[sedation]] and [[analgesia]] is key to successful reduction
	***Can incorporate a [[perianal block]] in certain cases		***Can incorporate a [[perianal block]] in certain cases
	**Can place granulated sugar (not synthetic sweeteners) over prolapsed rectum		**Can place granulated sugar (not synthetic sweeteners) over prolapsed rectum

Spenceemmett: /* Disposition */

2018-10-10T16:18:34Z

Disposition

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:18, 10 October 2018
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	==Disposition==		==Disposition==
	*Refer all patients for colonoscopy and ~~to a~~ surgeon for consideration of repair		*Discharge
			*Refer all patients for colonoscopy and surgeon for consideration of repair

	==See Also==		==See Also==