View source for Dysarthria

==Background==
*Motor speech disorder characterized by poor articulation of language sounds or pronounciation<ref> Duffy, J. Defining, Understanding, and Categorizing Motor Speech Disorders. In: Duffy, J. ''Motor Speech Disorders: Substrates, Differential Diagnosis, and Management.'' 3rd ed. . St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier Mosby; 2012 ISBN 0323024521.</ref>
*Cranial nerves involved include trigeminal nerve's motor branch (V), facial nerve (VII), glossopharyngeal nerve (IX), vagus nerve (X), and hypoglossal nerve (XII).

==Clinical Features==
*Includes abnormality to any of the following: breath control, '''duration of syllables''', pitch, range, speed, steadiness, '''timing''', tone, '''vocal quality''', pitch, volume<ref>MacKenzie, C (2011). "Dysarthria in stroke: A narrative review of its description and the outcome of intervention". International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 13 (2): 125–36. doi:10.3109/17549507.2011.524940. PMID 21480809</ref>

==Differential Diagnosis==
===Stroke Types===
*[[Ischemic Stroke]]
**[[Cerebellar Stroke]]
**[[Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)]]
*[[Hemorrhagic Stroke]]
**[[Intracerebral Hemorrhage]]
**[[Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH)]]

===[[Weakness]]===
'''Neuromuscular weakness'''
*UMN:
*** [[CVA (Main)]]
*** [[Hemorrhagic stroke]]
*** [[Multiple sclerosis]]
*** [[Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)]] (UMN & LMN)
**Spinal cord disease:
*** Infection ([[Epidural Abscess (Spinal)]]) 
*** Infarction/ischemia
*** Trauma ([[Spinal Cord Syndromes]]) 
*** Inflammation ([[Transverse Myelitis]])
*** Tumor
**Peripheral nerve disease:
***Lyme disease
*** [[Guillain-Barre syndrome]]
*** Toxins ([[Ciguatera]])
*** [[Tick paralysis]]
*** DM neuropathy (non-emergent)
**NMJ disease:
*** [[Myasthenia gravis]] crisis
*** [[Botulism]]
*** [[Organophosphate toxicity]]
*** [[Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome]]
**Muscle disease:
*** [[Rhabdomyolysis]]
*** [[Dermatomyositis]]
*** [[Polymyositis]]
*** Alcoholic myopathy
*'''Non-neuromuscular weakness'''
**Can't miss diagnoses:
*** [[Sepsis (Main)]]
*** [[Hypoglycemia]]
*** Periodic paralysis (electrolyte disturbance, K, Mg, Ca)
****[[Hypokalemic periodic paralysis]]
****[[Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis]]
*** Respiratory failure
**Other
***[[Cerebral Palsy]]
***[[Hypothermia]]
***[[Parkinson's disease]]

==Diagnosis==
*Clinical diagnosis
*Consider [[CVA] or other neurologic workup

==Management==
*Treat underlying cause
*Speech pathology

==Disposition==
*Depends on underlying cause

==See Also==

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Neurology]]
[[Category:ENT]]